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78 PROPOSAL TO REVISE ENERGY EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS OF THE BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS 7 Net impact assessment The net impact of the proposed changes has been assessed at both the individual building and economywide level. The results of this analysis are reported below. All estimates have been calculated using a 5 per cent real discount rate. This reflects a review of international literature (see Appendix E) relating to evaluating energy efficiency policies, but is notably lower than the OBPR’s preferred discount rate of 7 per cent. How the choice of the discount rate affects the central case is discussed in the sensitivity analysis. Net impact on buildings Table 7.1 below presents the estimated net impact on the ABCB’s building sample. The impacts have been assessed using the assumptions about length of policy and asset lives and a real discount rate of 5 per cent. The results in table 7.1 demonstrate that the impact of the provisions varies widely across building types and climate zones. Depending on location, occupancy and building type, it is estimated that the proposed amendments could impose an impact (per square metre of gross floor space) of between -$240 and $490. In some areas for certain buildings, the net impact is negative (ie a net cost). For other segments of commercial buildings, the net impact is positive (ie a net benefit). Generally, the greatest beneficiaries are retail and healthcare buildings. In the table, a BCR greater than one implies the net impact of the proposed changes for the particular building, in the particular location is positive. In other words, the associated savings in energy expenditures outweigh the direct capital costs. Depending on the building, occupancy and location, BCR ratios ranged from 0.14 to 4.43. The BCRs for healthcare and retail buildings were on average the largest of all buildings. Form 2 offices reported a BCR less than 1 in almost all locations. www.TheCIE.com.au
PROPOSAL TO REVISE ENERGY EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS OF THE BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS 79 7.1 Net impact Form 1: Office Form 2: Office Form 1: Retail Form H: Health Form H: School 2000m 2 198m 2 2000m 2 2880m 2 2880m 2 Present value of net impact (NPV) $ per square metre of gross floor area Darwin 118.1 45.4 250.9 381.9 70.1 Brisbane 80.3 -16.2 163.2 274.6 94.9 Mt Isa -32.0 -71.8 125.0 489.4 25.9 Kalgoorlie -11.1 -77.6 71.0 145.9 44.0 Sydney 69.1 -26.0 144.1 281.9 0.5 Adelaide 88.1 37.0 169.7 320.1 12.6 Perth 69.1 -26.0 144.1 281.9 0.5 Melbourne 31.5 -11.3 89.7 66.9 32.6 Hobart -27.2 -78.2 62.4 -23.9 -17.8 Canberra 6.9 -58.2 130.6 21.5 16.1 Thredbo na -239.3 na -6.2 -4.7 Annualised NPV $ per square metre of gross floor area Darwin 7.21 2.77 15.32 23.32 4.28 Brisbane 4.91 -0.99 9.96 16.77 5.80 Mt Isa -1.95 -4.38 7.63 29.89 1.58 Kalgoorlie -0.68 -4.74 4.34 8.91 2.69 Sydney 4.22 -1.59 8.80 17.22 0.03 Adelaide 5.38 2.26 10.37 19.55 0.77 Perth 4.22 -1.59 8.80 17.22 0.03 Melbourne 1.92 -0.69 5.48 4.09 1.99 Hobart -1.66 -4.77 3.81 -1.46 -1.09 Canberra 0.42 -3.55 7.98 1.31 0.99 Thredbo na -14.61 na -0.38 -0.29 Benefit–cost ratio Darwin 2.24 1.33 3.64 3.73 1.62 Brisbane 1.66 0.90 2.38 2.94 1.87 Mt Isa 0.82 0.70 1.78 3.88 1.16 Kalgoorlie 0.92 0.59 1.58 1.94 1.37 Sydney 1.80 0.81 2.99 4.04 1.01 Adelaide 2.06 1.45 3.45 4.43 1.12 Perth 1.80 0.81 2.99 4.04 1.01 (Continued on next page) www.TheCIE.com.au
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