2012. Review of Significant Trade - Cites

Balearica pavonina
Table 3. Direct exports of Balearica pavonina from Sudan, 2000-2010. All trade was in live
specimens. (No trade was reported in 2007).
Source Purpose Reported by 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Total
C T Exporter
Importer 20 20
W B Exporter
Importer 15 15
P Exporter 4 4
Importer 10 10
T Exporter 20 56 54 186 92 408
Importer 50 20 50 185 20 10 30 365
- T Exporter
Importer 20 20
Source: CITES Trade Database, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
The CITES Management Authority of Sudan (A. Al-Makki, in litt. to UNEP-WCMC, 2011)
reported that 141 birds were exported from Sudan over the period 2005-2011 (Table 4). The
report highlights that no birds were exported in 2006 and 2007 due to avian influenza.
Table 4. Exports of live Balearica pavonina from Sudan, 2005-2011. (No trade reported 2006-2008).
2005 2009 2010 2011 Total
40 10 60 31 141
Source: CITES Management Authority of Sudan (A. Al-Makki, in litt. to UNEP-WCMC, 2011)
The International Crane Foundation (2009) reported that exports of wild caught B. pavonina
had increased, and that around 600 individuals were officially exported between 2001 and
2005, but that due to imprecise population estimates, the impact on the wild population was
unknown. K. Morrison (in litt. to UNEP-WCMC, 2011) reported that, according to
“unsubstantiated reports”, individuals of B. pavonina captured in Sudan were readily
available on the international market. A study based on questionnaires and records from
zoological gardens and entry ports of Sudan revealed that only 12 per cent of the exports for
this species were traded with the necessary CITES permits (Hashim, 2010; K. Morrison, in
litt. to UNEP-WCMC, 2011).
The CITES Management Authority of Sudan (post-July 2011) (A. Al-Makki, in litt. to UNEP-
WCMC, 2011) considered that the volume of trade in the species was very small and that it
did not threaten the species’ survival, while Hashim (2010) stated the volume of trade in the
species far exceeded the officially reported quantities and that the trade in Sudan was not
controlled.
Management: In Sudan, the species was listed as protected under Schedule II of the Wildlife
Protection Act of 1986 and its hunting or capture without a license was prohibited (The
CITES Management Authority of Sudan, O. Sulieman, pers. comm. to UNEP-WCMC, 2011).
No information on legislation was located for South Sudan.
The CITES Management Authority of Sudan (A. Al-Makki, in litt. to UNEP-WCMC, 2011)
noted that no cranes were captured for trade 2006-2008 as a result of a ban imposed by the
Animal Resources Ministry due to the avian influenza.
The species occurs in a number of protected areas (see distribution section above).
TOGO
Distribution in range State: The species was listed as breeding (BirdLife International,
2011b). The CITES Management Authority of Togo (T. Tengue, pers. comm. to UNEP-WCMC,
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