ABACA Activities in the Philippines - Unido

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Ref. No. CFC/FIGHF/09 CFC/UNIDO/FIDA 40 Table 4. Results of greenhouse screening of seven Visayan varieties for their resistance to abaca mosaic disease VARIETIES PERCENT MOSAIC INFECTION 1 MEAN ABSORBANCE 2 Inosa Laguis Lagurhuan Laylay Linawaan Minenonga Musa Tex 80 6.25 (1) 12.5 (2) 25.0 (4) 25.0 (4) 12.5 (2) 12.5 (2) 18.75 (3) (5 Sampling Dates) 0.296 (1) 0.336 (4) 0.309 (2) 0.403 (5) 0.319 (3) 0.412 (6) 0.430 (7) 1 Obtained from experimental plants inoculated in November 2000 and observed until June 2001. 2 Mean of five samplings from January to June 2001. OVERALL RANKING 2 (1) 6 (3) 6 (3) 9 (5) 5 (2) 8 (4) 10 (6) 4.2.2c Davao In Mindanao, early symptoms of mosaic infection on varieties were small yellowish streaks which ran parallel to the midrib until they became pronounced. In some plants, the streaks became numerous on newly opened leaves and on petioles giving rise to alternate dark and yellow bands which run across the midrib and showed a mottled appearance. Fig 8. Mosaic symptoms on Mindanao abaca varieties In Davao, all the 12 abaca varieties tested were infected with the disease. Among the varieties, Bontang, Tangongon, Maguino and Maguindanao showed some degree of resistance to mosaic infection. Bontang had the lowest percentage infection of mosaic virus at 34 weeks after planting with a mean of 33.8% followed by Tangongon, Maguino and Maguindanao with a mean of 50%, 51.5%, and 68.6%, respectively (Table 5). Rate of mosaic infection ranged from 0.1958 to 0.3428 per unit per week with Bontang having the slowest rate followed by Maguino and Tangongon. Parang recorded the highest infection rate (Table 5). In addition, Bontang, Tangongon and Maguino showed flatter disease progress curves than the rest of the abaca varieties. Correspondingly, Bontang, Tangongon and Maguino had smaller values for their computed area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) than the rest of the varieties (Fig 9).
Ref. No. CFC/FIGHF/09 CFC/UNIDO/FIDA 41 Disease incidence (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bongolanon Bontang Igit Kaunayan Kutay-kutay M aguindanao Maguino Parang Pula Puti Tange Tangongon 14 18 22 26 30 34 Weeks after Planting Fig 9 . Disease progress curve for mosaic infection in Davao Based on overall ranking of Mindanao varieties with regard to their reaction to abaca mosaic and bract mosaic diseases, the top five (5) varieties are Bontang, Tangongon, Maguino, Bongolanon and Maguindanao. Since Bontang and Maguino were considered as hybrid, Tangongon, Bongolanon and Maguindanao were chosen. But because disease-free planting materials for Bongolanon were not enough, Kaunayan was used instead. Since the objective of the study is to come up with ten (10) varieties for the national screening, Kutay-kutay was added instead of Parang because of its acceptability by abaca farmers in Jolo. Table 5. Selection of top three Mindanao abaca varieties grown in Davao based on their reaction to abaca mosaic and bract mosaic diseases VARIETIES INFECTION RATE AUDPC DISEASE INCIDENCE(%) OVER-ALL RANKING Bongolanon Bontang Igit Kaunayan Kutay-kutay Maguindanao Maguino Parang Pula Puti Tange Tangongon 0.2454 (5) 0.1958 (1) 0.3144 (11) 0.2487 (6) 0.2388 (4) 0.2685 (9) 0.2212 (2) 0.3428 (12) 0.2551 (7) 0.2823 (10) 0.2646 (8) 0.2294 (3) 200.950 (5) 84.375 (1) 210.510 (7) 201.250 (6) 238.525 (11) 153.315 (4) 134.965 (3) 232.625 (10) 219.470 (8) 256.250 (12) 229.680 (9) 123.735 (2) 78.60 (5) 33.80 (1) 87.30 (10) 85.00 (8) 86.30 (9) 68.60 (4) 51.50 (3) 92.40 (11) 80.90 (7) 95.00 (12) 81.20 (6) 50.00 (2) 15 (4) 3 (1) 28 (10) 20 (6) 24 (9) 17 (5) 8 (3) 33 (11) 22 (7) 34 (12) 23 (8) 7 (2) 4.3 Results of the evaluation of varieties in the national screening trials The national screening trials were established in the same locations where the regional screening were undertaken. Among the top ten (10) abaca varieties selected from the three regional trials, only eight (8) varieties were considered for exchange because of the failure to get the planting materials of Kaunayan and Kutay-kutay from the seaport of Zamboanga City due to peace and political crisis in the area during the time of exchange. The eight (8) selected disease-free varieties were successfully planted in Albay, Leyte and Davao observed for their reaction to disease and allowed to mature to get fiber yield. Similar to the regional trials, two (2) sites were selected for the national screening of the selected varieties for their reaction to bunchy-top and mosaic diseases. In Leyte, one site was chosen for the mosaic trial and in Davao, 2 sites for bunch-top and mosaic trial were also established.
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