Sustainable Transport and the Environment Guide - Unite the Union

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Figure 4.3: Major inland waterway routes - total goods moved 2007 Billion tonne kilometre River Forth 0.17 River Clyde 0.09 Aire and 0.01 Calder River Ouse 0.04 River Mersey 0.11 Manchester Ship Canal 0.09 River Humber 0.23 River Trent 0.03 River Severn 0.01 River Orwell 0.05 River Thames 0.82 River Medway 0.04 57
4.7: Shipping The problem shipping is that tonne-miles and gross tonnage was growing at similar rates to world GDP but the number of vessels growth smaller, due to shift to larger ships. Greenhouse gases from UK-based international shipping 1990-2006 10.0 million tonnes (CO2 equivalent) 5.0 0.0 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Figure 4.4: Greenhouse gases from UK-based international shipping 1990-2006 The warning was reinforced in February 2008 by a study 49 presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which concluded that more than 40 per cent of the world’s oceans are heavily affected by human activities and only 4 per cent remain almost pristine. The results were obtained by overlaying maps of 17 different activities such as fishing, coastal development and shipping pollution. It shows that the most heavily affected waters include large areas of the North Atlantic, the South and East China seas, the Caribbean, Mediterranean, Red Sea, the Gulf, Bering Sea, and much of the western Pacific. The least affected areas are mainly near the Arctic and Antarctic, though a few places far from the poles, such the Torres Strait, north of Australia, are also relatively untouched. US researchers have produced a composite picture of man-made damage to the seas. The dumping of vast quantities of garbage and the rampant over fishing of almost all forms of edible marine life. Growing areas of ocean are effectively ‘dead’. The damage to biodiversity has knock on effects on the rest of us – from our food supply to our leisure activities, and most pressing of all, to our climate. Other problems, such as rising sea levels, changing ocean currents and the increased intensity of typhoons and hurricanes, will impact most severely on coastal 49 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/319/5865/948 58
Page 1 and 2:
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIR
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Page Acknowledgem
Page 5 and 6:
emissions of CO2 from UK aviation..
Page 7 and 8: might bring about economic efficien
Page 9 and 10: There are some sustainable transpor
Page 11 and 12: contribution from Unite is hopefull
Page 13 and 14: taking action, would, he said, lead
Page 15 and 16: 2003 30,000 older people across Eur
Page 17 and 18: Greater fuel economy that reduces C
Page 19 and 20: 2.6 Sustainability and economic imp
Page 21 and 22: as electric and hybrid electric veh
Page 23 and 24: Air to rail Six out of ten flights
Page 25 and 26: Technological solutions: Technology
Page 27 and 28: contributing to rainforest destruct
Page 29 and 30: Currently all corporations are lega
Page 31 and 32: projected by the DfT’s 2003 white
Page 33 and 34: Between 1987 and 2007 the UK market
Page 35 and 36: Dependant on the message you wish t
Page 37 and 38: The move reflects a decision by the
Page 39 and 40: are concerns that biofuels actually
Page 41 and 42: Unite is currently campaigning to r
Page 43 and 44: overall effects of contrails and th
Page 45 and 46: turboprop will burn 35% less fuel t
Page 47 and 48: The CAT National Committee calls on
Page 49 and 50: unaccustomed portion of the famousl
Page 51 and 52: lorries but do not operated in the
Page 53 and 54: aspect is crucial for ports, which,
Page 55 and 56: Look to new technology to provide l
Page 57: From Table we can although waterbor
Page 61 and 62: oil contains high concentrations of
Page 63 and 64: The majority of container shipping
Page 65 and 66: CO 2 emissions in 2007 to 15 per ce
Page 67 and 68: 5 Passenger Services Trade Group: T
Page 69 and 70: has an important part to play in en
Page 71 and 72: Total Greenhouse Gases by Buses & C
Page 73 and 74: enormously punitive but that would
Page 75 and 76: Percentage of the Total Greenhouse
Page 77 and 78: More than two thirds of journeys ma
Page 79 and 80: 6 Road Transport Commercial 6.1 Int
Page 81 and 82: The intra-EU freight transport, whi
Page 83 and 84: During the 1990s, there was a signi
Page 85 and 86: Light Duty Vehicles Carbon Dioxide
Page 87 and 88: Tackling the sectors’ environment
Page 89 and 90: Taxi drivers more affected by trans
Page 91 and 92: the European Court of Justice - the
Page 93 and 94: CPC training - all drivers have 5 d
Page 95 and 96: Appendices Appendix 1 Input-based m
Page 97 and 98: Appendix 3 GREENING YOUR WORKPLACE
Page 99 and 100: language, and has a good section on
Page 101: 100
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Sustainable Transport and the Environment Guide - Unite the Union

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