Bell, Trevor : Unemployment in South Africa

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vii) Finally, amongst the causes of unemployment in South Africa, some mention must be made of controls on the geographical distribution of both population and economic activity. The recent Government White Paper (1984 : 11) puts the matter as follows: "Another restriction on the ability of the South African African economy to create jobs has to do with the spatial distribution of jobs and that of the available labour, which do not always correspond. It is well known that certain kinds of economic activity in Southern Africa, such as industry and trade, are concentrated largely in certain urban areas; the distribution of others, such as agriculture and mining, are determined by the occurrence of natural resources. It often happens that there is a shortage of a particular kind of labour at the places concerned, while in other parts of the country such labour is unemployed. To the extent that administrative or other restrictions, or a lack of reliable data on labour surpluses or shortages in particular occupations or regions, hinder the movement of labour from surplus to shortage areas, the unemployment rate in the country will be higher than it would otherwise have been". Indeed, as is implied by some of our earlier discussion, legal and administrative restrictions on the geographical mobility of Black labour in South Africa, and in particular restrictions on permanent migration by whole families, may well be a major reason for the high absolute level of the unemployment rate in South Africa. This factor would, fqr instance, largely amount for such unemployment as that due to migrants spending periods of rest in the homelands, mentioned above. However, what may perhaps be more relevant in view of our interest in trends is that legal and administrative restrictions on the nobility of labour, may well have contributed to the persistent tendency for the unemployment rate to rise. For, coinciding with the end of the great boom of the 'sixties, during which the rate of Black urbanisation had been very rapid, the authorities resorted to
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Page 2 and 3: INSllIUTt TOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC R
Page 4 and 5: i CONTENTS Page - u.t of Tabla0 and
Page 6 and 7: Preface This paper is an extension
Page 8 and 9: Applications by whltea for Employme
Page 10 and 11: Simkins. His work is noteworthy par
Page 12 and 13: There is not, to my knowledge, anot
Page 14 and 15: The evidence thus suggests a persis
Page 16 and 17: ~i~~~~ 1: UNEMPLOYMENT PATES: UNITE
Page 18 and 19: Table 5: Unemployment Rates in Scnn
Page 20 and 21: Thue in a number of other countries
Page 22: Table 6 Registered Unemployment Rat
Page 25 and 26: Table 7 Non-Agricultural Employment
Page 28 and 29: In the case of Blacks, employment g
Page 30 and 31: governwant intervention in foreign
Page 32 and 33: Real Intwraat Rats and Rats of Incr
Page 34 and 35: Table 9 Real Interest Rates and Ave
Page 36 and 37: grawth in general rather than to an
Page 38 and 39: hetbr th. unemployment in voluntary
Page 40 and 41: it is argued that for a small open
Page 42 and 43: imzlO.ion of this form of voluntary
Page 44 and 45: significance1). However, the findin
Page 46 and 47: Thus where the unemployment rate sh
Page 48 and 49: have expected a substantial increas
Page 52 and 53: traditionally been considerably hig
Page 54 and 55: already become much more difficult
Page 56 and 57: unemployment is deregulated markets
Page 58 and 59: 'thirties and even the postvar peri
Page 60: might, JB (1982) "The Nature of Une

Bell, Trevor : Unemployment in South Africa

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