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SUSREF 21 (57) Image 16. Thermal bridges at reveal (EST 2007) Image 17. Thermal bridge at floor slab (EST 2007) Image 18. Thermal bridge at lintel (EST 2007) Image 19. Thermal bridge at eaves (EST 2007) 3.6.2 Insulating with bulk material The following image visualises the installation of one specific cavity insulation material, EcoBead. The beads are injected into the cavity together with adhesive, which bonds the components into a solid mass. Each of the beads have single point of contact with the surrounding beads, which allows the cavity to breathe and the penetrating moisture to drain away. (Springvale 2011)
SUSREF 22 (57) Image 20, filling the cavity with insulating beads. Source: Springvale 3.6.3 Insulating with foam Foam injection techniques are not as commonly used today as bulk material insulation, since they require precise measuring of the filling and foam’s expansion to avoid the facing to be pushed out of shape by too much pressure. (IEA 2010) This is mostly due to the installation process, which requires more advanced methods than the bulk insulation technique. While insulating the cavity, the filling of the cavity and the foam’s expansion needs to be measured in order to avoid deformations on the façade due to excessive pressure. 3.7 Combined wall insulations In some cases, a combination of different refurbishment technologies may be justified. However, in most of the cases, the use of a single system is usually a better solution. Some possible combinations of external, internal and cavity insulation are discussed in the following. 3.7.1 Internal insulation + External insulation In general, combining internal and external insulation technologies does not bring much benefits compared to the scenario, where either the internal or external wall can be insulated. If, for example, external insulation can be applied, it is more reasonable to add insulation thickness to the external insulation layer than add another insulation layer on the internal side of the wall. However, in some cases both internal and external insulation may be used in different parts of a building. This might be the case in urban environments, when the front façade needs to be
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1.1.2.2 Replacement of original the
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Table 3. The maximum possible leaki
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Image 21. Un-insulated wall (left)
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Image 24. Performance of a solid wa
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3.2.1 (E1) 100 mm MW + thin renderi
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Image 28. Water leakage points of d
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Image 32. Moisture and temperatures
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Image 36. Water leakage point in a
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1.4 Krakow Int.EPS 0.00% 147.16 3.8
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case with actual material propertie
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Table 10. Different refurbishment m
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- EPS or PUR foam on inner surface
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V cap is volume of all capillary po
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Mould growth Numerical simulation o
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uptake, the evaporation of water va
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1.1.4.6 Case study 1: Jyväskylä (
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The condition and the expected rema
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Image 46. Results for the PUR refur
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MW or PUR MW Image 48. Refurbished
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ESP Image 51. Original unrefurbishe
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Corrosion (relative to LS) 1,0 0,9
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The time of refurbishment is the ti
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The monitoring points of carbonatio
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Mould Growth Index 6 5 4 3 2 1 Orig
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1.1.4.13 Variables in the analyses
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after the risk period is a result o
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1.1.4.15 References Fagerlund, G. 1
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SUSREF 2 (11) temperature is actual
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SUSREF 4 (11) HDD A ( U ref U ren
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SUSREF 6 (11) Q H Q Q (3) losses
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SUSREF 8 (11) 2 Significant improve
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SUSREF 10 (11) Table 9. Effect of I
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SUSREF 1 (9) Deliverable: D4.2 - Ge
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SUSREF 3 (9) Paris Month CDD_4h CDD
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SUSREF 5 (9) The results show that,
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SUSREF 7 (9) 3 EPS 0.05 0.039 4 hol
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SUSREF 9 (9) 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.
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SUSREF 2(19) Arrays are most often
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SUSREF 4(19) Figure 2. Solar electr
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SUSREF 6(19) North facing Electrici
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SUSREF 8(19) London Electricity pro
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SUSREF 10(19) 1.4 Discussion For fi
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SUSREF 12(19) Figure 12. Solar ther
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SUSREF 14(19) Solar fraction of DHW
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SUSREF 16(19) Solar fraction of DHW
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SUSREF 18(19) 3 PVT Photovoltaic an
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SUSREF Sustainable Refurbishment of
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SUSREF 1 (13) Deliverable: D4.2 Tit
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SUSREF 3 (13) Extra Insulation mate
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SUSREF 5 (13) Life cycle costs - Ca
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SUSREF 7 (13) Sandwich E2-LCC (eur/
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SUSREF 9 (13) Solid concrete E1-LCC
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SUSREF 11 (13) Summary and conclusi
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SUSREF 13 (13) Künzel Helmut, Kün
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SUSREF 2 (10) Evaluation criteria:
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SUSREF 4 (10) W1_Solid wall; Brick,
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SUSREF 6 (10) W5_Insulated load bea
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SUSREF 8 (10) Thick noncombustible
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SUSREF 10 (10) Combustible -2
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2 (14) refurbishment on the individ
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4 (14) aggravation indoor air) incr
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6 (14) 1.2.2 Air quality Air qualit
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8 (14) Ventilation efficiency -2 th
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10 (14) If existing wall has infect
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12 (14) 1.5.3 Acoustics The effect
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14 (14) 1.6.3 Acoustics The replace
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Mardjalevic & Rogers, 2006) 2 . In
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Figure 3: Example room to be simula
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For Helsinki: Facade Orientation Ea
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For Bilbao: Facade Orientation East
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3 (18) be removal of cladding, impr
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5 (18) 2 Significant improvement or
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7 (18) 3. External insulation (E) 3
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9 (18) Dfb Dfc 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1
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11 (18) Cfb Cfbw Csa Dfb Dfc 2 2 2
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13 (18) Cfb - temperate withou
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15 (18) Dfb - cold, without dry s
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17 (18) Dfc - cold, without dry se
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3 (3) 5. Cavity insulation Cavity i
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2 (40) Easiness of maintenance (ex
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4 (40) Figure 2.1.1. Solid wall - d
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6 (40) 2.2 Sandwich elements made w
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8 (40) Table 2.2.2. Vulnerability t
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10 (40) Maintenance procedures and
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Figure 2.4.1. Left: Load bearing ca
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14 (40) Table 2.4.2. Vulnerability
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16 (40) Dirt and microbial growth.
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18 (40) Table 3.1.1.2. Vulnerabilit
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20 (40) Table 3.1.1.3 Continued. Th
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Figure 3.1.2.2. Retrofitting extern
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26 (40) Table 3.1.2.3 Continued. Th
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28 (40) Figure 3.1.3.1 Brick veneer
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32 (40) 3.2 Internal insulation On
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34 (40) Table 3.2.2. The effects on
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36 (40) Table 3.3.1. Vulnerability
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38 (40) 5. Bibliography Askeland A
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Zirkelbach D Influence ogf temperat
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Form. Strictly speaking, form deser
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The thermal environment also includ
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It is important to identify the cha
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4. References Heschong, L. (1980).
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