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particles is below the mean free path of atmospheric gas molecules at pressures of 1-10
mbar. This way the convection in the insulation material is minimized and limited to conduction
and radiation.
VIP’s weak part is the barrier film, which needs protection, not only during construction, but
through the lifespan of the building. Best way to protect VIP’s is to encase them inside
protecting EPS-covering. (Nussbaumer 2006) An example of such a system is shown in
Image 23.
Vacuum-insulation panels offer a large potential in internal insulation, since the insulation
thickness is often limited. Since VIP’s have a superior insulating capacity compared to
traditional insulation materials, they can offer better insulation when used in internal insulation.
3.8.3 Green walls
Image 23. Vacuum-insulation panel. (Vicover 2011)
Green walls have mainly aesthetic benefits compared to other refurbishment methods. Some
of them may also bring benefits in heating and cooling energy demand by offering shading,
wind protection and additional thermal insulation for the wall.
Well placed plantations can offer real protection from the sun in the summer and let the solar
radiation through in the winter. Some plantations can also offer wind protection, especially if
placed in front of openings. (IEA 2010)
3.8.3.1 Spots green suspended walls
Spots green suspended walls can be installed on most of the wall surfaces. In this system prevegetated
panes or fabric system is fixed to an existing wall structure or a supporting frame.
The greatest benefit of this green wall type is aesthetic and, since it has only minimal effect on
heating or cooling energy demand of a building. (Almusaed 2011)
Höweler+Yoon architects have installed such a wall system in Boston, Massachuttes. The
system consists of felt panels hanging from stainless steel cables and it is illustrated in Image
24.