February 27, 2012 - IMM@BUCT

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2012 SPECIAL ISSUE: Fundamental and Applied Reviews in Analytical Chemistry The January 17, 2012 issue of Analytical Chemistry combines topics previously separated in alternate years as “Fundamental” or “Applied” into a single yearly issue of “Fundamental and Applied Reviews in Analytical Chemistry”. This issue provides critical reviews from pioneers in carefully selected cutting edge topics and by experts in traditional areas of analytical chemistry. Point of Care Diagnostics: Status and Future Vladimir Gubala, Leanne F. Harris, Antonio J. Ricco, Ming X. Tan, and David E. Williams DOI: 10.1021/ac2030199 Micro Total Analysis Systems for Cell Biology and Biochemical Assays Michelle L. Kovarik, Philip C. Gach, Douglas M. Ornoff, Yuli Wang, Joseph Balowski, Lila Farrag, and Nancy L. Allbritton DOI: 10.1021/ac202611x Nanoparticles in Measurement Science Francis P. Zamborini, Lanlan Bao, and Radhika Dasari DOI: 10.1021/ac203233q Capillary Electrophoresis Matthew Geiger, Amy L. Hogerton, and Michael T. Bowser DOI: 10.1021/ac203205a Molecular Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence Spectrometry Susmita Das, Aleeta M. Powe, Gary A. Baker, Bertha Valle, Bilal El-Zahab, Herman O. Sintim, Mark Lowry, Sayo O. Fakayode, Matthew E. McCarroll, Gabor Patonay, Min Li, Robert M. Strongin, Maxwell L. Geng, and Isiah M. Warner DOI: 10.1021/ac202904n Chiral Separations: A Review of Current Topics and Trends Timothy J. Ward and Karen D. Ward DOI: 10.1021/ac202892w X-ray Spectrometry Kouichi Tsuji and Kazuhiko Nakano , Yoshio Takahashi , Kouichi Hayashi , Chul-Un Ro DOI: 10.1021/ac202871b New Electrochemical Methods Christopher Batchelor-McAuley, Edmund J. F. Dickinson, Neil V. Rees, Kathryn E. Toghill, and Richard G. Compton DOI: 10.1021/ac2026767 Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Danielle W. Kimmel, Gabriel LeBlanc, Mika E. Meschievitz, and David E. Cliffel DOI: 10.1021/ac202878q High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Feng Xian, Christopher L. Hendrickson, and Alan G. Marshall DOI: 10.1021/ac203191t To View All the Articles from the Special Issue please visit pubs.acs.org/ac
news of the week FEBRUARY 27, 2012 EDITED BY WILLIAM G. SCHULZ & SOPHIA L. CAI DIOXINS, ASSESSED AT LAST POLLUTION: After years of study, EPA sets safe level of exposure to the most toxic congener AFTER 21 YEARS of contentious scientific analysis, the Environmental Protection Agency has established a safe level of exposure to the most toxic form of dioxin. EPA set a safe daily dose of 0.7 picograms of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) per kilogram of body weight. TCDD is the most potent congener of the dioxins, which generally are unintentional by-products of manufacturing processes involving chlorine and burning of biomass or waste. Eventually, this defined level of safe exposure will affect the degree—and cost—of cleanups of soil and of industrial air and water releases polluted with dioxins. This category of chemicals consists of chlorinated dioxins and furans and certain polychlorinated biphenyls. These substances can trigger similar adverse health effects, but their potencies vary. The exact regulatory impacts of the agency’s determination , which was released on Feb. 17, are as yet uncertain. EPA’s new level “will serve as the cornerstone of the agency’s initiatives to protect public health from chemical contaminants and provide the necessary guidance to states and public health agencies to minimize dioxin exposure,” says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist with the Environmental Working Group, an activist group. The American Chemistry Council, an industry organization that has invested much time and energy in influencing EPA’s work on this assessment, calls the agency’s conclusions “flawed.” Lois Marie Gibbs, executive director of the Center for Health, Environment & Justice, an environmental group that has focused on dioxin issues for years, hails the long-awaited completion of the agency’s effort. “The American people,” she says, “won a major victory against the chemical industry, which has been working behind closed doors for decades to hide and distort the truth about the dangers of dioxin.” Data in EPA’s annual Toxics Release Inventory indicate that U.S. industry has slashed its releases of dioxins in the past two decades (C&EN, Feb. 6, page 26). Cl Cl O O 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Backyard waste burning is the major source of dioxins in the U.S. today. The EPA limit is based on two studies. One found adverse reproductive effects in men exposed to TCDD as boys. The other found hormonal effects in infants born to mothers who had high levels of exposure. People are exposed to dioxins mainly by eating meat, poultry, dairy products, fish, or eggs. However, EPA claims that “most Americans have only low-level exposure to dioxins,” adding that this “does not pose a significant health risk.” The agency’s document examines health effects other than cancer from TCDD exposure. They include chloracne, a severe skin disease producing acne-like WWW.CEN-ONLINE.ORG 5 FEBRUARY 27, 2012 Cl Cl lesions; developmental and reproductive effects; damage to the immune system; hormonal disruption; and, possibly, mild liver damage. The agency is still working on a second document focusing on cancer hazards of TCDD. The assessment, which EPA launched in 1991 to update a 1985 document describing the cancer hazards of TCDD, has faced many delays. Throughout the years, polluting industries—including chemical companies—have faulted EPA’s work. Community and public health groups, meanwhile, have pressured the agency to finish the review. “After 21 years in the making, the dioxin assessment is in the hands of the American people,” says Paul T. Anastas, who oversaw release of the report on his final day as EPA’s top scientist (C&EN, Jan. 16, page 9). “I quite honestly never thought this report would ever see the light of day,” Gibbs says. — CHERYL HOGUE Backyard burning of waste is now the main source of dioxins, according to EPA. SHUTTERSTOCK
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