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6 DOING BUSINESS 2015 TABLE 1.2 The 10 economies improving the most across 3 or more areas measured by Doing Business in 2013/14 Ease of doing business rank Starting a business Dealing with construction permits Getting electricity Registering property Reforms making it easier to do business Getting credit Protecting minority investors Tajikistan 166 √ √ √ √ Paying taxes Trading across borders Benin 151 √ √ √ √ Togo 149 √ √ √ √ Côte d’Ivoire 147 √ √ √ √ √ Senegal 161 √ √ √ √ √ √ Enforcing contracts Trinidad and Tobago 79 √ √ √ Congo, Dem. Rep. 184 √ √ √ √ √ Azerbaijan 80 √ √ √ Ireland 13 √ √ √ United Arab Emirates 22 √ √ √ Resolving insolvency Note: Economies are selected on the basis of the number of their reforms and ranked on how much their distance to frontier score improved. First, Doing Business selects the economies that implemented reforms making it easier to do business in 3 or more of the 10 topics included in this year’s aggregate distance to frontier score. Regulatory changes making it more difficult to do business are subtracted from the number of those making it easier. Second, Doing Business ranks these economies on the improvement in their distance to frontier score from the previous year. The improvement in their score is calculated not by using the data published in 2013 but by using comparable data that capture data revisions and methodology changes. The choice of the most improved economies is determined by the largest improvements in the distance to frontier score among those with at least 3 reforms. Source: Doing Business database. FIGURE 1.5 How far have economies moved toward the frontier in regulatory practice since 2013? Distance to frontier score 100 75 Regulatory frontier Singapore New Zealand Hong Kong SAR, China Denmark Korea, Rep. Norway United States United Kingdom Finland Australia Sweden Iceland Ireland Germany Georgia Canada Estonia Malaysia Taiwan, China Switzerland Austria United Arab Emirates Latvia Lithuania Portugal Thailand Netherlands Mauritius Japan Macedonia, FYR France Poland Spain Colombia Peru Montenegro Slovak Republic Bulgaria Mexico Israel Chile Belgium South Africa Czech Republic Armenia Rwanda Puerto Rico (U.S.) Romania Saudi Arabia Qatar Slovenia Panama Bahrain Hungary Turkey Italy Belarus Jamaica Luxembourg Tunisia Greece Russian Federation Moldova Cyprus Croatia Oman Samoa Albania Tonga Ghana Morocco Mongolia Guatemala Botswana Kosovo Vanuatu Kazakhstan Vietnam Trinidad and Tobago Azerbaijan Fiji Uruguay Costa Rica Dominican Republic Seychelles Kuwait Solomon Islands Namibia Antigua and Barbuda China Serbia Paraguay San Marino 50 2014 25 2013 0 Note: The distance to frontier score shows how far on average an economy is at a point in time from the best performance achieved by any economy on each Doing Business indicator since 2005 or the third year in which data for the indicator were collected. The measure is normalized to range between 0 and 100, with 100 representing the frontier. The vertical bars show the change in the distance to frontier score from 2013 to 2014; for more details, see the note to table 1.1. The 30 economies improving the most are highlighted in red. Source: Doing Business database.
OVERVIEW 7 dealing with construction permits less costly, and the introduction of an electronic system for filing and paying the corporate income tax, value added tax and labor taxes made paying taxes easier. Finally, the Credit Information Bureau of Tajikistan improved access to credit information by starting to provide credit scores in June 2013. Eight of the 10 top improvers carried out reforms making it easier to start a business, while 7 implemented reforms making it easier to get credit. Some of these changes were inspired by transnational initiatives. One such initiative was the revision by the Council of Ministers of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) of the Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and Economic Interest Groups. The revised act authorizes each member state to adopt national legislation reducing its paid-in minimum capital requirement—the amount of capital that entrepreneurs need to deposit in a bank account or with a notary before or within 3 months of incorporation. Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal and Togo were all among the OHADA member economies that did so in 2013/14. Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal also took measures within the framework of the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Both adopted the Uniform Law on the Regulation of Credit Information Bureaus ahead of other member states, providing a legal framework to establish credit information bureaus. Reforms making it easier to get credit were also undertaken at the national level. In the United Arab Emirates the credit bureau Emcredit and the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) began exchanging credit information in October 2013. As a result, the credit bureau can now identify customers with unpaid DEWA accounts beyond 90 days and the utility has access to the bureau’s bounced check repository. Ireland improved its credit information system by passing a new act that provides for the establishment and operation of a credit registry. And in Trinidad and Tobago a new insolvency law strengthened protections of secured creditors’ rights in insolvency proceedings, giving greater flexibility in enforcement actions. Six of the 10 top improvers reformed their property registration processes and 6 strengthened the rights of minority shareholders, with Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, Togo and the United Arab Chad South Sudan Central African Republic Libya Eritrea Malta Philippines Ukraine Bahamas, The Dominica Lesotho Pakistan Iran, Islamic Rep. Tanzania Ethiopia Papua New Guinea Kiribati Cambodia Kenya Yemen, Rep. Gambia, The Marshall Islands Sierra Leone Uzbekistan India West Bank and Gaza Gabon Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Mali Côte d’Ivoire Lao PDR Togo Uganda Benin Burundi São Tomé and Príncipe Algeria Djibouti Iraq Bolivia Cameroon Comoros Sudan Senegal Suriname Madagascar Malawi Equatorial Guinea Tajikistan Burkina Faso Niger Guinea Nigeria Zimbabwe Timor-Leste Bangladesh Liberia Syrian Arab Republic Mauritania Myanmar Congo, Rep. Guinea-Bissau Haiti Angola Venezuela, RB Afghanistan Congo, Dem. Rep. Sri Lanka St. Lucia Brunei Darussalam Kyrgyz Republic St. Vincent and the Grenadines Honduras Lebanon Barbados Bosnia and Herzegovina Nepal El Salvador Swaziland Zambia Egypt, Arab Rep. Palau Indonesia Ecuador Maldives Jordan Belize Nicaragua Brazil St. Kitts and Nevis Cabo Verde Guyana Argentina Bhutan Grenada Mozambique .
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ZONING AND URBAN PLANNING 57 one pr
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ZONING AND URBAN PLANNING 59 mixed
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REGISTERING PROPERTY 61 HOW TO PROV
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REGISTERING PROPERTY 63 FIGURE 7.5
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REGISTERING PROPERTY 65 for losses
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GETTING CREDIT 69 FIGURE 8.2—How
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GETTING CREDIT 71 nonincorporated c
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GETTING CREDIT 73 improvement in cr
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GETTING CREDIT 75 FIGURE 8.8—Econ
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PROTECTING MINORITY INVESTORS 77 Sp
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PROTECTING MINORITY INVESTORS 79 as
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PROTECTING MINORITY INVESTORS 81 FI
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PAYING TAXES 85 decline. Its averag
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PAYING TAXES 87 period. The next mo
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PAYING TAXES 89 FIGURE 10.6 Among o
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ENFORCING CONTRACTS 91 FIGURE 11.1
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ENFORCING CONTRACTS 93 been reached
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ENFORCING CONTRACTS 95 FIGURE 11.3
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RESOLVING INSOLVENCY 97 of insolven
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RESOLVING INSOLVENCY 99 FIGURE 12.1
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RESOLVING INSOLVENCY 101 FIGURE 12.
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HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE DOING BUSINESS
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REFERENCES 111 Aggregate, and How t
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REFERENCES 113 Rathinam, Francis Xa
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DATA NOTES 115 METHODOLOGY The Doin
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DATA NOTES 117 Doing Business respo
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DATA NOTES 119 Although procedures
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DATA NOTES 121 TABLE 14.4 What do t
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DATA NOTES 123 is allowed to submit
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Data Notes 125 TABLE 14.6 What do t
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DATA NOTES 127 entities is in opera
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Data Notes 129 Figure 14.11 Protect
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DATA NOTES 131 from the company. A
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DATA NOTES 133 mandated (at any lev
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DATA NOTES 135 TABLE 14.10 Type of
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Data Notes 137 TABLE 14.11 What do
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DATA NOTES 139 FIGURE 14.19 Resolvi
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DATA NOTES 141 TABLE 14.14 What do
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DATA NOTES 143 pay, night work, pro
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DATA NOTES 145 TABLE 14A.1 Cities c
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DISTANCE TO FRONTIER AND EASE OF DO
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SUMMARIES OF DOING BUSINESS REFORMS
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Country tables Reform making it e
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COUNTRY TABLES 169 Reform making i
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COUNTRY TABLES 173 Reform making
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COUNTRY TABLES 191 Reform makin
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LABOR MARKET REGULATION DATA 233 LA
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 253 of Aart C. Kraa
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 255 ALGERIA DELOITT
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 257 Gerald Mittereg
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 259 Siarhei Khvasto
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 261 Muhidin Karši
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 263 Sydney Simonagg
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 265 Laurence Idelet
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 267 Aurora Barroso
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 269 Marius Doh CIE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 271 Lars Lindencron
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 273 Astrud María M
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 275 Josette Cadie O
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 277 Ioannis Sarakin
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 279 Patrick Wong MA
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 281 Mirza Karim KAR
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 283 Enrica Maria Gh
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 285 Milly Jalega IS
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 287 Guna Paidere RE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 289 Dragica Tasevsk
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 291 Cheikh Sall ETU
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 293 Vitalie Zama AS
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 295 Marcel Kettenis
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 297 Adeola Sunmola
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 299 Ernesto Velázq
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 301 Nuno Gundar da
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 303 Vadim Kolomniko
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 305 Ivana Ajdanic P
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 307 Paul Lategan SH
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 309 Tariq Mahmoud E
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 311 Kanok Jullamon
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 313 Begum Durukan O
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 315 Sreekumar Sivas
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 317 Bruno Paredes L
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Smarter Regulations for Small and M
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