Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

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1966 • The 1966 die-off consisted of scattered losses of gulls along much of Lake Michigan with additional mortality consisting of minor loon losses and significant grebe losses. • Mortality was along the Upper Peninsula shoreline. • The die-off occurred in October. • Considerable mortality of gulls and some water birds in Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron.
Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1966
Page 1 and 2: Type E Botulism in Michigan: A Hist
Page 3 and 4: In the Beginning (cont.) • Scatte
Page 5 and 6: 1963 (cont.) • The die-off occurr
Page 7 and 8: 1964 • The 1964 die-off occurred
Page 9 and 10: 1964 (cont.) • Mortality was the
Page 11 and 12: 1965 • No estimates were determin
Page 13: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1965
Page 17 and 18: 1976 (cont.) • Between October 26
Page 23 and 24: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1983
Page 25 and 26: Source of the Clostridium botulinum
Page 27 and 28: Gulls • The gulls that died durin
Page 29 and 30: Loons, Grebes, and Mergansers • T
Page 31 and 32: Clinical Signs of Type E Botulism
Page 33 and 34: Pathology • No lesions observed e
Page 35 and 36: Seasonality/Carcass-Maggot Cycle (c
Page 37 and 38: Significant Findings from the Dieof
Page 39: Questions?

Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

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