Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1976 • The 1976 die-off extended from the Indiana border to Muskegon. • The estimated mortality was 600-1000 birds. • The die-off occurred in October and November. • November 8, 1976 - A flight from the Indiana- Michigan border to Muskegon (145 km) found 592 dead loons, 6 moribund loons, and 6 dead gulls.
1976 (cont.) • Between October 26 and November 19, 1976, 342 avian carcasses were collected and examined. The species examined were 330 common loons, 1 red-throated loon, 6 gulls, 1 old squaw (long-tailed duck), 2 grebes (1 eared grebe and 1 unidentified), 1 redhead, and 1 white-winged scoter.
Page 1 and 2: Type E Botulism in Michigan: A Hist
Page 3 and 4: In the Beginning (cont.) • Scatte
Page 5 and 6: 1963 (cont.) • The die-off occurr
Page 7 and 8: 1964 • The 1964 die-off occurred
Page 9 and 10: 1964 (cont.) • Mortality was the
Page 11 and 12: 1965 • No estimates were determin
Page 13 and 14: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1965
Page 15: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1966
Page 23 and 24: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1983
Page 25 and 26: Source of the Clostridium botulinum
Page 27 and 28: Gulls • The gulls that died durin
Page 29 and 30: Loons, Grebes, and Mergansers • T
Page 31 and 32: Clinical Signs of Type E Botulism
Page 33 and 34: Pathology • No lesions observed e
Page 35 and 36: Seasonality/Carcass-Maggot Cycle (c
Page 37 and 38: Significant Findings from the Dieof
Page 39: Questions?

Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?