Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

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1983 • It was suspected that the loons dying during this outbreak were from large rafts of birds reported by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to be offshore and to the southeast of the Garden Peninsula.
Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1983
Page 1 and 2: Type E Botulism in Michigan: A Hist
Page 3 and 4: In the Beginning (cont.) • Scatte
Page 5 and 6: 1963 (cont.) • The die-off occurr
Page 7 and 8: 1964 • The 1964 die-off occurred
Page 9 and 10: 1964 (cont.) • Mortality was the
Page 11 and 12: 1965 • No estimates were determin
Page 13 and 14: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1965
Page 15 and 16: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1966
Page 17 and 18: 1976 (cont.) • Between October 26
Page 19 and 20: 1981 • The 1981 die-off occurred
Page 21: 1983 • The 1983 die-off occurred
Page 25 and 26: Source of the Clostridium botulinum
Page 27 and 28: Gulls • The gulls that died durin
Page 29 and 30: Loons, Grebes, and Mergansers • T
Page 31 and 32: Clinical Signs of Type E Botulism
Page 33 and 34: Pathology • No lesions observed e
Page 35 and 36: Seasonality/Carcass-Maggot Cycle (c
Page 37 and 38: Significant Findings from the Dieof
Page 39: Questions?

Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

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