Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Seasonality/Carcass-Maggot Cycle • Gull die-offs in July and August • Loons, grebes, and merganser die-offs in late September and October. • Loon and Gull die-offs in late November/early December. • Type E botulism generally occurs in cool fall weather when fly infestation of carcasses is less likely.
Seasonality/Carcass-Maggot Cycle (cont.) • Healthy loons usually raft offshore in the fall and are not likely to be exposed to carcasses along the shore or to consume maggots or other invertebrates associated with carcasses. • Most loons died on the open lake and drifted some distance in the wind and water currents before washing up on shore. • Gulls died in the water as well as on the beach.
Page 1 and 2: Type E Botulism in Michigan: A Hist
Page 3 and 4: In the Beginning (cont.) • Scatte
Page 5 and 6: 1963 (cont.) • The die-off occurr
Page 7 and 8: 1964 • The 1964 die-off occurred
Page 9 and 10: 1964 (cont.) • Mortality was the
Page 11 and 12: 1965 • No estimates were determin
Page 13 and 14: Type E Botulism in Michigan, 1965
Page 17 and 18: 1976 (cont.) • Between October 26
Page 25 and 26: Source of the Clostridium botulinum
Page 27 and 28: Gulls • The gulls that died durin
Page 29 and 30: Loons, Grebes, and Mergansers • T
Page 31 and 32: Clinical Signs of Type E Botulism
Page 33: Pathology • No lesions observed e
Page 37 and 38: Significant Findings from the Dieof
Page 39: Questions?

Type E Botulism in Michigan - Michigan Sea Grant

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?