The Russian system of chemicals management - Bef-de.org

the final classification, the lowest danger class is selected. In the case of mixtures, the
most toxic substance in the mixture is to be identified and its LC 50
or LD 50
value is derived
for the determination of the hazard class.
The GOST 12.1.007-76 is defining hazard classes for the purpose of classification of hazardous
substances and general safety requirements based on health effects. Substances
are divided into four danger classes. The danger class I is the most hazardous and the
danger class IV means that there are almost no hazards at all. The rating is the following:
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Class I – extremely hazardous;
Class II – highly hazardous;
Class III – moderately hazardous;
Class IV – low hazard.
The parameters considered while defining the danger class are presented in Table 6.
For pesticides 5 classes of danger are used. Combined classification according to health
and environmental effects in provided in Table 7. 22
Table 6: Matrix to determine the class of danger according to health effects (GOST 12.1.007-76)
Parameter
Class of danger
I II III IV
Workplace air limit value, mg/m 3 < 0,1 0,1-1,0 1,0-10,0 > 10
Oral LD 50
, mg/kg < 15 15-150 151-5 000 > 5 000
Skin LD 50
, mg/kg < 100 100-500 501-2 500 > 2 500
Inhalation LC 50
, mg/m 3 < 500 500-5 000 5 001-50 000 > 5 000
Coefficient of intoxication by
inhalation (KVIO) *
> 300 300-30 29-3 < 3
Zone of acute effects ** < 6,0 6,0-18,0 18,1-54,0 > 54,0
Zone of chronic effects *** > 10+ 10,0-5,0 4,9-2,5 < 2,5
* Coefficient of intoxication by inhalation (KVIO): maximum possible concentration of the
substance in air at 20 o C divided by LC 50
for mice.
** Zone of acute effects: LC 50
of the substance divided by LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) at
the level of organism as a whole, exceeding the level of normal adaptational physiological reactions.
22 There is GOST 17.1.3.04-76 (re-issued in 2004) dealing with classification of pesticides.
It is using different classification schemes according to certain effects: toxic effects on
warm-blood animals are classified, in reversed order compared to hygienic and fishery
norms: hazard class 1 is least dangerous, hazard class 4 extremely dangerous; classification
for groundwater uses letters: A – practically not hazardous, D – hazardous, being
persistent or almost persistent; there is no classification of pesticides for surface water,
only division of pesticides by name to hazard classes 2,3, A-D given. Handbook is referring
to other GOSTs. See also Annex IV
34 | The Russian System of Chemicals Management