Country Economic Work for Malaysia - Islamic Development Bank

Figure 1.22. Malaysia's Exports by
Destination, 1991 (% of Total)
Figure 1.23. Malaysia's Exports by
Destination, 2010 (% of Total)
ROW
26%
ASEAN
29%
ROW
19%
ASEAN
25%
West
Asia
2%
NIEs
10%
EU
11%
North
America
18%
EU
15%
West Asia
23%
NIEs
12%
North
America
10%
Source: The Malaysia Economy in Figures (1991 and 2011)
40. Inflation remained modest. Over the last decade, the average inflation remained 2.2%
per annum. However, consumer price inflation had risen from 1.5% in 2000 to a maximum of
5.4% in 2008 mainly due to rise in food and oil prices. This rising trend is also consistent with
most countries in the region experiencing similar inflationary trends, though the inflation rates
were much higher in competing Asian countries such as India at 13.2% and Vietnam at 9.2% in
2010. Although inflation rate was back to the normal level of 1.7% in 2010, but again rose to
3.2% in 2011. Core inflation rate (y-o-y) remained lower than CPI inflation (i.e. 1% in December
2010 and 2.1% in December
2011). 11
41. Federal Government
debt, mainly domestic debt, is
at manageable level. The
Federal Government total debt
steadily increased from 35.2% in
2000 to 53.1% of GDP in 2010.
However, the external debt of
the Federal Government
declined from the maximum
level of 9.5% in 2002 to 2.2% of
GDP in 2010, while domestic
debt increased from 43% to
53.1% during the same period
(Figure 1.24).
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
-
Figure 1.24. Malaysia: Federal Government
Domestic and Excternal Debt (% of GDP)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Domestic Debt External Debt Total Debt
Source: Economic Planning Unit (www.epu.gov.my)
11 Ecmlibra Investment Research, Consumer Price Index (February 2012)
20