SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT |2010 - Avfall Sverige

SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT | 2010

SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT 2010 

CONTENTS 

PREFACE 3 

HOW SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT WORKS 4 

COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT 6 

WASTE QUANTITIES 2009 8 

HAZARDOUS WASTE 10 

BATTERIES 12 

WASTE FROM ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) 13 

MATERIAL RECYCLING 14 

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 16 

WASTE-TO-ENERGY 20 

LANDFILLING 24 

WASTE ECONOMICS 26 

WASTE OTHER THAN HOUSEHOLD WASTE 28 

WASTE AGENDA 29 

GLOSSARY 32 

ABOUT AVFALL SVERIGE – SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT 35 

STAFF 35 

2


PREFACE 

Waste management is an important part of 

the infrastructure of the society and of the 

society’s use of raw material, nutritional substances 

and energy. Through the right waste 

treatment, we can contribute to preventing 

climate changes and use waste as a resource. 

Here are some examples: 

• Energy recycling through incineration – 

Waste-to-Energy – gives heating and electricity, 

and waste will thus replace fossil 

fuels. 

• Separated food waste that goes to digestion 

gives both biogas, which can be used for 

vehicle fuel, and digestate, which is an 

excellent nutritional substance. 

• Recycled material saves energy and replaces 

virgin raw materials. 

In 2009, household waste volumes 

decreased by close to 5 percent compared to 

the year before. 98.6 percent of the household 

waste is recycled, only 1.4 percent goes to 

landfills. The waste quantity that goes to landfill 

has decreased by 50 percent compared to 

2008. 

The quantity of treated household waste 

amounted to 4,485,600 tons. Divided over 

the population, each Swedish resident produces 

480.2 kg of waste per year. In 2008, 

the quantity of treated household waste 

amounted to 4,731,660 tons, or 511.2 kg per 

person. 

Reduced waste volumes is something that 

Sweden, and all of Europe needs to strive for 

also in the long term. Through the Framework 

Directive for waste, the EU requires the member 

states to take measures to prevent the 

production of waste. The member states shall 

bring forward waste reduction plans which aim 

at reducing the waste volumes by 2020. At the 

national level, Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste 

Management is one of the actors in this process. 

Together with the Swedish Environmental 

Protection Agency, we run a three-year project 

called ”European Week for Waste Reduction” 

which aims at raising awareness of the waste 

policy within the EU and the member states, 

and show the direct effect that consumption 

has on the environment and on the greenhouse 

effect. It is also essential to emphasize 

the correlation between waste minimization 

and sustainable development. 

The annual report ”Swedish Waste 

Management”, is published by Avfall Sverige 

for the 12 th year in a row. It briefly describes 

how household waste management works in 

Sweden. Factual information that has been 

updated based on the latest available statistics, 

is presented in text, figures and tables. 

The statistics given in ”Swedish Waste 

Management 2010” is collected from the webbased 

statistics system, Avfall Web, and from 

the producers’ organizations. 

Avfall Web was launched by Avfall Sverige 

– Swedish Waste Management in the spring of 

2008, due to local authorities’ request of a 

system which enabled comparisons, follow-up 

and statistics intended for waste planning. 

Avfall Web also gives access to basic data for 

complete national waste statistics. 

The report “Swedish Waste Management” is 

intended for those active in the waste industry, 

decision-makers, authorities, educational 

institutions, media, and other interested parties. 

Malmö, June 2010 

Weine Wiqvist, 

Managing Director Avfall Sverige 

3


HOW SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT WORKS 

Waste shall be treated in such a way that the 

maximal environmental and social benefits 

are achieved. All parties participate in this 

work – from producers to households. 

The local authorities are responsible for the 

household waste, the producers are responsible 

for their various product groups, and the 

operators in the sector are responsible for taking 

care of all waste which is not household 

waste. 

The households have the responsibility to 

separate and deposit waste at the different 

collection points available. The households 

also have the responsibility to follow the regulations 

for waste management within their 

municipality. 

Waste management is prioritized according 

to a five step waste hierarchy: 

• waste prevention 

• reuse 

• material recycling 

• recovery – such as energy recovery 

• disposal 

Exceptions from the hierarchy may be necessary 

for technical, economical or environmental 

reasons. 

EU decisions set the frameworks for the 

Swedish waste management. The environmental 

objectives of the Swedish Parliament govern 

the waste management and its environmental 

aspects. These are the environmental 

objectives for the waste sector: 

• A 50 percent reduction of waste going to 

landfills, excluding mining waste, by the 

year 2005 compared to levels in 1994. 

• By 2010, at the latest, a minimum of 50 

percent of household waste shall be recovered 

through material recycling, including 

biological treatment. 

• By 2010 at least 35 per cent of food waste 

from households, restaurants, institutional 

catering and shops is to be recycled by biological 

treatment. The objective refers to 

source-separated food waste intended for 

both home composting and central heating. 

• By 2010, at the latest, food waste and consequently 

all equivalent waste from food 

industries etc., shall be recycled through 

biological treatment. The objective refers to 

waste that has not been mixed with other 

types of waste, and which subsequent to 

treatment is of adequate quality for use in 

crop production. 

• By 2015, at the latest, at least 60 percent 

of phosphorus pollution in effluent shall be 

treated and used on productive lands, of 

which at least half should be used on arable 

land. 

Several of these environmental objectives 

have been fully or almost fully achieved. 

The most important treatment methods for 

waste are: 

• material recycling 

• biological treatment 

• Waste-to-Energy 

• landfill 

Hazardous waste can be treated with one or 

several of these methods, depending on the 

character of the waste. 

Recycling of packaging, paper, scrap, electric 

waste, and batteries reduce the environmental 

impact and save energy and resources. 

Biological treatment is implemented 

through anaerobic digestion or composting. 

Anaerobic digestion produces biogas which 

can be used as vehicle fuel. The biogas produced 

from waste is equivalent to millions of 

liters of petrol. Anaerobic digestion also produces 

digestate which is an excellent nutrient. 

Composting produces long-lasting fertilizer 

used as soil improver in gardens, parks and for 

ground installations. 

Waste-to-Energy is an effective and environmentally 

safe method for producing energy 

from waste. Every year, it produces heating 

which corresponds to the need of 820,000 

average households, approximately 25 percent 

of all the district heating produced. It also 

produced electricity which corresponds to the 

need of more than 275,000 houses. 

Landfilling is a treatment method for waste 

which cannot or should not be treated in any 

other way. Landfilling means that waste is kept 

in a long-term safe way, and this treatment 

method is controlled by a strict regulatory 

framework. 

The local authorities can choose how to 

organize the waste management. This possibility 

of municipal self-government is laid down 

in the constitutional law. 

4


The local authorities are free to choose 

management mode and municipal undertakings, 

separate or joint with other municipalities. 

Cooperation is also possible in a joint 

committee or a local government federation. 

There are also local authorities who cooperate 

on specific matters, such as joint procurements. 

To many local authorities collaboration 

is a natural solution to attain the best possible 

environmental and social benefits, to achieve 

cost-efficient treatment and to guarantee the 

competence required. 

In 73 percent of the Swedish municipalities, 

the collection of household waste is managed 

by external actors, private companies, 

while in the rest, it is managed by the municipalities 

themselves. In the same way, waste 

treatment is effected either by the municipalities 

themselves or by an external actor, often 

a municipal enterprise or sometimes a private 

company. 

5


MATERIAL RECYCLING COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT 

There are various systems for collection and 

transport of household waste. At the municipalities’ 

manned recycling centers, the households 

themselves drop off bulky waste, electronic 

waste and hazardous waste. Bulky 

waste is household waste which is too heavy, 

too bulky or for other reasons inappropriate for 

collection in bags or bins. It may be for example 

broken furniture, toys, bicycles, or perambulators, 

but can also include garden waste or 

certain demolition waste. 

In 2009, the households dropped off 1.5 

million tons of bulky waste, most of which was 

handed to the manned municipal recycling 

centers. A smaller part was collected through 

curbside collection. The bulky waste volumes 

correspond to 160 kg per person. There are 

about 600 recycling centers throughout the 

country, and in total they receive about 20 million 

visits annually. 

The volumes of bulky waste and hazardous 

waste that are handed to the recycling centers 

have increased significantly in recent years. In 

several municipalities the recycling centers 

have, as a result, undergone adaptations and 

modernizations. Several small-sized recycling 

centers have closed down when the munici- 

palities build new and bigger centers that are 

better suited to the waste quantities and 

number of visitors. 

Several of the recycling centers in the country 

have had problems with burglaries and 

thefts in recent years. There have also been 

incidents when staff has been threatened. 

Due to this, most of the bigger and recently 

built recycling centers have installed electric 

fences, which have reduced the number of 

burglaries considerably. 

In order to improve the safety, and for the 

sake of a functional system for access control 

that would enable more accurate visiting statistics, 

several of the municipalities have also 

introduced a barrier gate system at the recycling 

centers. This system is often combined 

with an entry card which gives households the 

right to a certain number of free visits. For a 

small fee, smaller entrepreneurs may also use 

the services offered at the recycling centers in 

several of the municipalities. 

The producers’ system includes approximately 

5,800 unmanned recycling stations for 

packaging and paper that are located around 

the country. The collection systems should be 

formed in consultation with both producers 

and local authorities. The recycling stations 

have separate bins for newspaper and various 

packaging material. Several municipalities 

have implemented curbside collection of 

material from apartment blocks and detached 

house properties that fall under producer’s 

responsibility, a collection system which is on 

the increase. 

The household waste in bins and bags may 

be collected either as a mixed fraction intended 

for Waste-to-Energy or in separate fractions 

– one for food waste and one for combustible 

waste. 

The most common systems for collection of 

source-separated food waste is by separate 

bins – one for bio-waste and one for combustible 

waste – by multi-compartment bin, or by 

optical sorting. Optical sorting requires the 

households to separate their waste into different 

colored 

bags that are placed into the same container. 

The bags are then taken by the waste 

collection vehicle to an optical sorting facility 

where the bags are separated automatically 

for the right treatment. 

Collection in bags constitutes a working 

environment risk and has as a result become 

6


considerably less common. Mixed combustible 

waste from single-family houses is in most 

cases collected in 190 liter wheelie bins and 

emptied every other week. Other than this, 

there are a number of different bag and bin 

sizes which are collected and emptied in various 

intervals. Waste from apartment blocks 

are normally collected weekly. 

Traditional back-loading vehicles are still 

the most common when it comes to waste collection, 

but the technology for multi-compartmented 

vehicles is developing and becoming 

more and more popular, while side-loading 

vehicles account for a more constant share of 

the operators’ vehicle fleet. An increasing 

number of vehicles use biogas as fuel, which 

the local authorities may control through purchasing 

requirements. 

Waste collection previously led to many 

work-related injuries. Daily heavy lifting was 

part of the job in the past, and waste collection 

required workers to be in good physical 

condition. Only a few waste collectors were 

able to work until the average retirement age. 

Today the situation is different. Bags have 

been replaced with bins or other types of containers. 

Manual handling of waste is being 

replaced with new technology and automated 

systems, such as refuse vacuum pipes and 

underground container systems. Both of these 

systems are on the increase, particularly in 

bigger cities. One of several advantages is that 

they do not require heavy manual handling. 

From the point of view of health and safety at 

work, vacuum collection systems are good 

since they are sealed and completely automated. 

This type of collection system reduces 

the need for waste transportation, especially 

in residential areas. 

There are two kinds of vacuum collection 

systems, a stationary system and a mobile 

system. With the stationary system the waste 

is collected using air in an automated vacuum 

system. It is thereafter transported through 

underground tubes, which connect the inlets 

with big containers placed in a terminal. With 

this technique the waste can be transported 

up to a distance of two kilometres from the 

inlets. The number of containers varies and 

depends on the one hand upon the number of 

collected fractions, and on the other hand on 

the waste volumes. The containers are collected 

by hook-lift vehicles. 

The mobile vacuum collection system also 

uses air to collect the waste. However, here 

the vacuum technique originates from the 

vehicle. Positioned under each input is a storage 

tank. The tanks are connected, via an 

underground pipe system, to a so called docking 

point which can be placed at a maximum 

distance of 300 meters from the tanks. The 

vehicle connects to the docking point for emptying, 

the vacuum system is turned on and air 

transports the waste from the different storage 

tanks to the docking point and onto the 

vehicle. Mobile vacuum collection systems 

require specialized vehicles. 

Another collection system that is on the rise 

is the underground container system. By placing 

containers underground, the need for 

space on the street level is reduced. The temperature 

below the street level, where the 

waste is contained, is relatively low, which 

prevents odor, and the containers are easily 

emptied with a crane truck. There are also 

underground containers that are emptied with 

front-loading vehicles. Since the underground 

containers can hold bigger volumes, the level 

of transports is reduced. 

7


WASTE QUANTITIES 2009 

In 2009, the quantities of household waste 

were reduced for the first time since the 

1990s. The household waste volumes 

decreased by close to 5 percent compared to 

the year before. The decrease is very likely a 

result of the recession. There is a close connection 

between economic situation and consumption, 

and between consumption and 

waste quantities - lower consumption leads to 

reduced waste quantities. 

In 2009, the quantity of treated household 

waste amounted to 4,485,660 tons. Divided 

over the population, each Swedish resident 

produces 480.2 kg of waste per year. 98.6 

percent of the household waste is recycled, 

only 1.4 percent goes to landfills. That is a 50 

percent reduction of landfill compared to 

2008. 

1,586,600 tons of packaging, paper, waste 

from Electric and Electronic Equipment 

(WEEE), and metal from the municipal recycling 

centers was treated through material 

recycling. This is a decrease by 71,200 tons, 

or 4.3 percent, compared to 2008. 35.4 percent 

of the household waste is recycled. 

Biological treatment – anaerobic digestion 

and composting – increased in 2009. 617,680 

tons of household waste was treated biologically 

in 2009. That is an increase of more than 

20,000 tons, 3.4 percent, compared to the 

year before. Today, 13.8 percent of all household 

waste goes to biological treatment. 

This means that 49.2 percent of household 

waste is recovered either by material recycling 

or by biological treatment. The Parliament’s 

environmental objective at 50 percent is thus 

not far from being achieved. 

2,173,000 tons of household waste went to 

Waste-to-Energy, a decrease of 5.2 percent or 

close to 120,000 tons. 48.4 percent of the 

household waste is treated through incineration 

with energy recovery. 

Landfill disposal continues to decrease. 

63,000 tons of household waste went to landfills 

in 2009. This is a decrease of close to 

77,000 tons, or 55 percent, compared to the 

year before. 

Hazardous waste represents 1 percent of 

the treated household waste. 45,380 tons 

was collected in 2009. An increase by little 

over 2,000 tons, or 4.8 percent, compared to 

2008. 

8


QUANTITY OF TREATED HOUSEHOLD WASTE 2005–2009 (TONS) 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Hazardous waste 26,400 38,960 40,880 43,320 45,380 

Material recycling 1,474,280 1,657,520 1,737,720 1,657,840 1,586,600 

Biological treatment 454,450 469,880 561,300 597,280 617,680 

Waste-to-Energy 2,181,890 2,107,860 2,190,980 2,292,970 2,173,000 

Landfill 210,110 226,000 186,490 140,250 63,000 

Total 4,347,130 4,500,220 4,717,370 4,731,660 4,485,660 

QUANTITY OF TREATED HOUSEHOLD WASTE 2005–2009 (KG/PERSON) 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Hazardous waste 2.9 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 

Material recycling 162.9 181.9 189.2 179.1 169.9 

Biological treatment 50.2 51.6 61.1 64.5 66.1 

Waste-to-Energy 241.2 231.3 238.6 247.7 232.6 

Landfill 23.2 24.8 20.3 15.2 6.7 

Total 480.5 493.8 513.7 511.2 480.2 

QUANTITY OF TREATED HOUSEHOLD WASTE 2005–2009 (%) 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Hazardous waste 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 1, 0 

Material recycling 33.9 36.8 36.8 35.0 35.4 

Biological treatment 10.5 10.4 11.9 12.6 13.8 

Waste-to-Energy 50.2 46.8 46.4 48.5 48.4 

Landfill 4.8 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.4 

Total 100 100 100 100 100 

Källa: Avfall Sverige 

Summary 1999-2009 

tons 

2,500,000 

5 

4 

milj. ton 

WASTE STATISTICS 2010 

2,000,000 

3 

1,500,000 

1,000,000 

500,000 

2 

1 

0 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

0 

-99 -00 -01 -02 -03 

-04 -05 -06 -07 -08 -09 

Hazardous waste 

Landfilling 

Biological treatment 

Material recovery 

Incineration with energy recovery 

Total quantity of treated household waste Tons % 

Hazardous waste 45,380 1.0 

Material recovery 1,586,600 35.4 

Biological treatment 617,680 13.8 

Incineration with energy recovery 2,173,000 48.4 

Landfilling 63,000 1.4 

Total 4,485,660 100 

9


HAZARDOUS WASTE 

In 2009, 45,380 tons of hazardous waste was 

collected from households, an increase of 4.8 

percent compared to 2008. On average, 4.9 

kg of hazardous waste per Swedish resident 

was handed in. The figures include impregnated 

wood, a fraction which has steadily 

increased over recent years and today constitutes 

55 percent of all hazardous waste from 

households. In 2009, 24,760 tons of impregnated 

wood was collected, an increase of 16 

percent compared to the year before. 

Hazardous waste, including impregnated 

wood, represented 1 percent of the household 

waste. 

Hazardous waste can be toxic, carcinogenic, 

corrosive, mutagenic, ecotoxic, infectious, or 

flammable. Hazardous substances may occur 

in very small amounts in some products, but 

could all together cause great damage if they 

end up in the wrong place. It is therefore important 

that hazardous waste is separated from 

other waste and handed in correctly. 

Local authorities are responsible for hazardous 

household waste. The responsibility 

encompasses collection, transport, and treatment. 

The responsibility is regulated by the 

Environmental Code, the Waste Collection and 

Disposal Ordinance, and the Municipal Waste 

Regulation Ordinance. 

Households are responsible for separating 

hazardous waste from other household waste. 

It is regulated in the Municipal Waste 

Regulation Ordinance. 

At a national level, Sweden lacks a follow-up 

system for hazardous waste from industries 

and other types of businesses. There are no 

precise statistics of the amounts of hazardous 

waste from industries, but according to the 

official Swedish waste statistics, reported to 

the EU by the Swedish Environmental 

Protection Agency, Swedish households and 

enterprises produced 2.8 million tons of hazardous 

waste in 2006, including scrap vehicles, 

electrical waste etc. 

The most common collection system for the 

hazardous household waste is through drop off 

at the manned municipal recycling centers. 

Several municipalities have stopped using the 

unmanned recycling stations and have instead 

introduced curbside collection. Approximately 

one third of all municipalities in the country 

offer curbside collection, often in combination 

with several other collection systems. 

Hazardous waste handed to collection or 

treatment facilities often require pre-treatment 

in order to facilitate further treatment. Since 

hazardous waste may contain substances 

which are to be phased out of the ecocycle, the 

treatment often aims at destroying these substances. 

Substances which cannot be rendered 

harmless or be reused will be disposed 

to landfills. In these cases it is important that 

the waste is chemically and physically stable 

so hazardous substances do not leak out to 

surrounding areas. 

New treatment methods for recycling hazardous 

waste have been developed, which 

involve the separation of hazardous substances 

and recycling of the remaining parts. The 

method is used for treatment of, for instance, 

paint tins and oil filters. Toxic and poorly degradable 

substances, such as pesticides and 

10


other hazardous chemical waste, are incinerated 

in specialized furnaces at high temperatures. 

Contaminated soil can be decontaminated 

through biodegradation. 

Impregnated wood contains ecologically 

harmful substances such as arsenic, creosote, 

and copper. Collected wood is chipped and 

incinerated in specially licensed waste-to-energy 

plants. 

Avfall Sverige is running a national campaign 

in 2009-2010, to inform the public about 

hazardous waste. The campaign is arranged in 

cooperation with the Swedish local authorities. 

The primary purposes of the campaign are to 

motivate people to deposit hazardous waste 

and to use less harmful, chemical products. 

Pharmaceuticals are not classified as hazardous 

waste, with the exception of cytostatics, 

but should for environmental reasons be 

handed in separately. As from December 15, 

2009, the pharmacies are responsible for collection 

of pharmaceutical waste. In 2009, fully 

1,100 tons of pharmaceutical waste was collected, 

which is an increase of 4 percent compared 

to 2008. 

QUANTITY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTED 1999 – 2009 

tons 

50,000 

45,000 

40,000 

35,000 

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

0 

-99 -00 -01 -02 -03 -04 -05 -06 -07 -08 -09 

Quantity of hazardous waste collected (excl. impregnated wood) 

Quantity of hazardous waste collected (inc. impregnated wood) 

11


BATTERIES 

A new producer’s responsibility for batteries 

was taken into effect on January 1, 2009. It 

made battery producers responsible for collection, 

treatment, recycling, and disposal of 

all batteries regardless of when they appeared 

on the market. The producers are also responsible 

for running national information activities. 

Currently, this is done in cooperation with 

the municipalities. The two Swedish companies 

El-Kretsen and Blybatteriretur, which represent 

the producers, are cooperating with 

Swedish Waste Management – Avfall Sverige 

on this matter. Most municipalities manage 

the collection of portable batteries within the 

municipality, against a negotiated remuneration 

from the producers. 

In 2009, 1,450 tons of portable batteries 

and 273 tons of incorporated batteries were 

collected, on average 185 grams per Swedish 

resident. This is a reduction of 6 percent compared 

to 2008. 

The municipalities collected 5,275 tons of 

lead-acid batteries, on average 0.6 kg per 

Swedish resident, which is an increase of 4 

percent compared to the year before. 

All collected batteries are taken care of and 

separated after chemical content before being 

sent to recycling or landfilling. 

• Lead-acid batteries go to recycling and the 

battery lead is used in new batteries. 

• Batteries containing nickel-cadmium go to 

treatment where the cadmium is used in so 

called vented nickel-cadmium batteries, 

which are commonly used in industries. 

Nickel is also recycled but goes to steelworks. 

• Nickel-metal hydride batteries are recycled 

in facilities where the nickel can be returned 

into the cycle. 

• Batteries containing mercury go to reprocessing. 

The Parliament has decided not to 

recycle mercury. This is why work is currently 

at hand to extract the mercury from 

batteries, so it can be phased out of the 

recycling system and have safe direct disposal. 

• Lithium batteries are treated in facilities 

where reuse of cobalt is possible, for example 

as additive in the steel industry. 

All batteries shall be collected and materialrecycled 

to the fullest extent possible. 

Collection of small batteries 2003 – 2009 

kg/person 

0.25 

0.20 

0.15 

0.10 

0.05 

0 

-03 

-04 -05 -06 -07 -08 -09 

12


WASTE FROM ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) 

In 2009, 143,850 tons of waste from electrical 

and electronic equipment – the abbreviation 

WEEE – was collected, which is a decrease 

of 5.2 percent compared to 2008. On average, 

15.4 kg WEEE per person was collected in 

2009, compared to 16.3 kg per person the 

year before. There are close connections 

between economic situation, consumption 

and waste production. The reduction is therefore 

likely to be a result of the recession and of 

smaller and lighter electric and electronic 

products. 

Since the producer’s responsibility was 

taken into effect in Sweden, local authorities 

and producers have cooperated in the management 

of WEEE. Together, Avfall Sverige – 

Swedish Waste Management, the Swedish 

Association of Local Authorities and Regions 

(SALAR), and the electrical producers’ service 

company, El-kretsen, created the system in 

2001. The collaboration means that local 

authorities assume responsibility for the collection 

of electronic waste from households, 

and the producers are responsible for its treatment. 

Collection of electronic waste from households 

is primarily carried out at the manned 

municipal recycling centers, of which there are 

approximately 600 throughout the country. In 

some municipalities this is complemented by are incinerated in waste-to-energy plants, and 

curbside collection. Avfall Sverige – Swedish metal is recycled in smelting plants. 

Waste Management and El-Kretsen collaborate 

with several local authorities on different 

projects to develop these collection systems. 

An example of this is the collection of light 

bulbs and smaller electric and electronic waste 

into small containers, which are placed in 

stores and other public places. 

WEEE is pretreated through sorting and dismantling 

before it is sent on for further treatment. 

Pretreatment is carried out in certified 

facilities, and later forwarded to final treatment 

or recycling. 

Components containing hazardous substances, 

i.e. hazardous waste, are treated in 

approved treatment facilities. Plastic casings 

Fluorescent tubes and low-energy bulbs contain 

mercury. These products are therefore 

separated and treated in a closed process. The 

glass and metal contents are recycled, and 

methods enabling the recycling of the phosphorus 

powder with its mercury content, is 

being developed. 

It happens that old electronic products are 

donated to other countries as charity, for what 

may seem as a good cause, but this is however 

not environmentally friendly. From an environmental 

point of view, it is better to have these 

products recycled in Sweden, where we have 

methods to treat such waste in an environmentally 

sound way. 

COLLECTION OF WEEE 2003-2009 

tons 

200,000 

150,000 

100,000 

50,000 

0 

-03 -04 -05 -06 -07 -08 -09 

Återvunnet elavfall 

13


MATERIAL RECYCLING 

Material recycling including biological treatment 

accounted for 2,204,280 tons, in 2009, 

which represents 236.0 kg per person. The 

Swedish Parliament has set the goal of having 

at least 50 percent of household waste going 

to material recycling, including biological treatment, 

by 2010. 

In 2009, the material recycling including 

biological treatment reached 49.2 percent. 

The part of material recycling which includes 

packaging, electronic waste, as well as bulky 

waste collected as metal fraction in municipal 

recycling centers, decreased to 1,580,600 

tons, 169.9 kg per person and corresponds to 

35.4 percent of all treated household waste. 

Metal waste from households handed to the 

recycling centers, such as bicycles and garden 

furniture, increased until 2007, and has 

decrease after that. However, between 2008 

and 2009, this fraction increased with close to 

18,000 tons. In 2009, 169,920 tons of metal 

waste was collected for recycling, which represents 

18.2 kg per person. 

One explanation for the reduced quantities 

of waste going to material recycling is the economic 

recession. Reduced consumption leads 

to reduced waste quantities. At the same time, 

recycling of newspapers and some types of 

packaging has increased, meaning that a 

greater extent of packages and newspapers 

put on the market gets recycled. 

The presented figures on quantities of cardboard, 

plastic and metal packaging are based 

on packaging quantities reported by production 

companies, which pay fees to the so 

called REPA Register (producer responsibility 

register for packaging). 

Packaging is mainly collected through the 

some 5,800 unmanned recycling stations that 

producers control. However, it can also be collected 

at the manned municipal recycling centers. 

Several municipalities have introduced 

curbside collection of newspapers and packaging, 

which is a collection system that is 

being increasingly applied. 

The collected newspaper quantities 

decreased to 420,000 tons, in 2009. The recycling 

rate however went up to 91 percent; the 

target rate of 75 percent has long been 

reached. 

The amount of office paper that was collected 

decreased to 118,000 tons, which is 

about 72 percent of the amount produced on 

the market. The result thereby exceeds the 

voluntary target of 50 percent. 

470,700 tons of packaging – paper packaging, 

paperboard and corrugated cardboard – 

was recycled in 2009. The joint recycling target 

for all packaging made from paper fibers 

was 65 percent, while the recycling rate for 

last year was 74 percent. 

33,400 tons of metal packaging was recycled 

last year. The recycling rate reached 73 

percent and the recycling target of 70 percent 

was thus achieved. 

44,430 tons of plastic packaging went to 

material recycling in 2009, the recycling rate 

decreased to 27 percent. 6,230 tons went to 

Waste-to-Energy; the recycling rate was 4 percent. 

The total recycling rate for plastic packaging 

landed on 31 percent, which is far from 

the recycling target at 70 percent. As from 

2009, such plastic packaging material which 

goes to Waste-to-Energy mixed with other 

household waste is not included. 

177,300 tons, or 90 percent, of all glass 

packaging was material-recycled. The recycling 

rate is 70 percent. 

Avfall Sverige is running a national campaign 

on material recycling in 2010-2011. The 

campaign is arranged in cooperation with the 

Swedish local authorities. The objective of the 

campaign is to increase the knowledge about 

material recycling and improve the confidence 

in the municipalities work on this matter. 

14



The Parliament’s 

[tons] [kg/person] Recovery degree % recycling target % 

Newspaper 420,000 45.0 91 75 

Office paper 118,000 12.6 72 

Cardboard packages 479,700 51.4 74 65 

Metal packages 33,400 3.6 73 70 

Plastic packages 44,430 4.8 

* 

27 70 

Glass packages 177,300 19.0 90 70 

WEEE 117,770 12.6 

Refrigeration units 26,080 2.8 

Metal from household waste 169,920 18.2 

Total 1,586,600 169.9 

* 4 % waste-to-energy - total recovery rate 31 % 

** of which 30 % is material recovery. 

** 

MATERIAL RECYCLING HOUSEHOLDS 2005–2009 (TONS) 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Newspaper 483,000 483,000 474,000 459,000 420,000 

Office paper 135,000 153,000 164,000 156,000 118,000 

Cardboard packages 380,000 486,790 504,000 482,000 479,700 

Metal packages 33,700 33,700 35,300 32,660 33,400 

Plastic packages 31,080 42,130 49,120 50,310 44,430 

Glass packages 155,000 159,000 171,100 174,170 177,300 

WEEE 101,500 121,900 129,700 122,900 117,770 

Refrigeration units 25,000 28,000 30,500 28,800 26,080 

Metal from household waste 130,000 150,000 180,000 152,000 169,920 

Total 1,474,280 1,657,520 1,737,720 1,657,840 1,586,600 

Material recycling households 

Source: Förpacknings-och tidningsinsamlingen, El-kretsen, Svensk Returpappersförening and Avfall Sverige 

tons 

2,000,000 

1,800,000 

1,600,000 

1,400,000 

1,200,000 

1,000,000 

800,000 

600,000 

400,000 

200,000 

0 

1975 1980 1985 

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

15


BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 

In 2009, 617,680 tons of household waste 

was biologically treated – anaerobic digestion 

or composting. An increase of 3.4 percent 

compared to 2008. In total this means that 

66.1 kg of waste – green waste and food 

waste – was biologically treated in 2009. The 

biological treatment now stands for 13.8 percent 

of the total quantity of treated household 

waste. 

154 municipalities already have more or 

less implemented systems for collection of 

food waste, according to a new survey made 

by Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste 

Management. 22 of these only collect food 

waste from restaurants and large-scale kitchens, 

while the remaining 132 municipalities 

have systems for households as well. The survey 

shows that an additional 63 municipalities 

are planning to introduce systems for sourceseparation 

of food waste. According to Avfall 

Sverige’s calculations, an estimated 21 percent 

of the food waste was biologically treated 

in 2009. 

Waste analysis shows that every Swedish 

resident produces close to 100 kg of food 

waste per year, mainly from fruit and vegetables. 

The most common system used for source 

separation of food waste in single-family houses 

is two separate bins, one for food waste 

and one for combustible waste. There is also 

the multi-compartment system where different 

fractions are separated into separate 

containers. Another collection system sometimes 

used, is optic sorting of different colored 

bags that are put into the same container. 

Through anaerobic digestion of biological 

waste, biogas, consisting of methane and carbon 

dioxide, is produced. Biogas is renewable 

and the most environmentally sound fuel available, 

and can be used for vehicle fuel, heating 

and electricity generation. In order to use the 

biogas as vehicle fuel and in natural gas pipelines, 

it needs to be processed and upgraded. 

In 2009, 317,440 MWh of biogas was produced, 

which is equivalent to 35 million liters 

of petrol. Biogas is today primarily used as 

vehicle fuel, a market that is growing fast. 

Another product from anaerobic digestion 

processes is digestate, an excellent fertilizer 

with a rich nutrient content. When using digestate 

instead of mineral fertilizers plant nutrients 

are preserved, for example phosphorus, 

which is a limited resource. In 2009, 

498,720 tons of digestate was preserved, 

of which 97 percent was used in farming. The 

remaining 3 percent was either dehydrated 

and/or processed with after-composting. 

In 2009, 630,500 tons of waste was treated 

through composting, of which 85,620 tons 

was food waste. Compost is mainly used as 

soil improver or in soil mixes. 

Plants which produce compost or digestate 

from source separated bio-waste, including 

food waste from the food industry, can have 

their product quality marked with certification. 

16


In 2009, 317,440 MWh of biogas was produced, 

which is equivalent to 35 million liters of petrol. 

17


The certification system, which was introduced 

ten years ago, was developed by Avfall 

Sverige in consultation with the farming and 

food industry, compost and digestate producers, 

soil producers, authorities and experts. 

SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden is 

the inspection body of this certification system. 

Certification places requirements on the 

entire waste management chain, from the 

incoming waste to the final product. A number 

of plants are currently going through the process 

of having their products certified. Ten 

biogas plants – Falkenberg, Helsingborg, 

Kalmar, Kristianstad, Laholm, Linköping, 

Norrköping, Uppsala, Västerås, and 

Vänersborg – as well as three composting 

plants – Borlänge, Malmö, and Örebro – have 

obtained certificates. 

A voluntary undertaking to minimize the 

emissions from biogas and upgrading plants 

was initiated by Avfall Sverige and further 

developed throughout 2009. Air emissions 

may arise from different stages of biological 

treatment through anaerobic digestion of 

organic material and in biogas upgrading processes 

in treatment plants. Even though the 

emissions from biogas plants are low, they 

should be minimized for several reasons. 

Approximately 30 biogas and upgrading plants 

have signed up for the voluntary undertaking. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Anaerobic digestion 258,070 283,730 356,090 405,580 535,930 

Composting 459,830 452,390 515,290 568,700 630,500 

Total biological treatment 717,900 736,120 871,380 974,280 1,166,430 

of which food waste 118,960 134,990 166,810 162,680 178,770 

Total quantity of household waste treated biologically* 454,450 469,880 561,300 597,280 617,680 

Digestate (tons) 251,840 272,730 336,100 389,350 498,720 

Crude gas (MWh) 161,600 181,270 228,810 280,000 317,440 

Vehicle gas (MWh) 87,730 106,430 149,230 204,720 262,600 

Electricity (MWh) 1,260 1,680 1,230 700 O** 

Heating (MWh) 61,620 63,600 67,960 48,740 41,280 

Total (MWh) 161,600 181,270 218,410 254,160 303,870 

18 

* Including 63,000 tons of home composting. 

** An increasing share of biogas is being upgraded to vehicle gas. The production of electricity has almost stopped.


Composting Total (tons) of which food waste 

Ale 1,290 390 

Alingsås 1,210 1,210 

Borås 9,260 2,060 

Borlänge 11,770 11,110 

Eslöv 9,810 9,810 

Fagersta 4,220 650 

Gällivare 6,980 560 

Göteborg 26,240 20,580 

Habo 1,660 200 

Halmstad 6,640 6,640 

Helsingborg 22,460 17,290 

Huddinge 17,870 17,590 

Hässleholm 18,280 16,870 

Karlskrona 7,500 7,500 

Karlstad 56,500 2,000 

Klippan 9,760 7,980 

Kristinehamn 15,400 200 

Kungsbacka 3,960 1,800 

Ludvika 13,210 10,240 

Luleå 20,410 12,140 

Malmö 33,180 33,180 

Mariestad 1,820 240 

Motala 3,200 3,200 

Mörrum 12,700 10,650 

Norrtälje 1,570 1,570 

Sala 11,700 7,680 

Simrishamn 5,280 5,280 

Södertälje 12,900 5,900 

Tranås 1,730 500 

Trelleborg 6,410 6,410 

Täby 29,510 23,570 

Uppsala 9,180 9,030 

Västerås 33,180 10,000 

Ystad 4,720 4,720 

Örebro 9,800 9,700 

Östersund 11,610 6,270 

Överkalix 980 220 

Total 453,900 284,940 

Other plants 176 600 176 600 

The country 630 500 461 540 

Anaerobic digestion Total (tons) of which food waste 

Bjuv 47,000 0 

Boden 4,060 1,860 

Borås 24,580 12,400 

Eskilstuna 5,960 3,320 

Falköping 8,550 4,970 

Falkenberg 79,400 2,700 

Helsingborg 64,330 19,020 

Huddinge 940 680 

Jönköping 8,890 5,950 

Kalmar 25,890 0 

Kristianstad 90,130 4,230 

Laholm 55,230 2,300 

Linköping 46,600 0 

Norrköping 16,000 0 

Skellefteå 6,540 4,290 

Skövde 8,230 0 

Uppsala 9,600 5,020 

Vetlanda 1,000 1,000 

Vänersborg 12,700 10,100 

Västerås 20,300 15,300 

Totalt 535,930 93,140 

biological treatment 1975 – 2009 

tons 

700,000 

600,000 

500,000 

400,000 

300,000 

200,000 

100,000 

0 

1975 1980 1985 

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

19


WASTE-TO-ENERGY 

In 2009, 2,173,000 tons of household waste 

was treated by incineration with energy recovery 

– Waste-to-Energy. This was a reduction of 

close to 120,000 tons compared to 2008. If 

divided over the Swedish population, 232.6 kg 

of household waste per person was incinerated 

last year. Waste-to-energy accounts for 

48.4 percent of the total quantity of treated 

household waste. 

Expansion and improvement of effectiveness 

have led to increased energy recovery in 

the last years. In total, 13.9 TWh of energy 

was produced through incineration, of which 

12.3 TWh was used for heating and 1.6 TWh 

for electricity. That corresponds to electricity 

for 275,000 normal sized homes, and heating 

for 820,000 homes. A study on European 

waste-to-energy production shows that 

Sweden has the highest rate of energy recovery 

from waste incineration. 

In addition, 2,497,830 tons of other waste 

was treated, mainly industrial waste. The total 

amount of incinerated waste was 4,670,840 

tons, which is an increase of 100,000 tons 

compared to the year before. 

The statistical information refers, at first 

hand, to plants treating household waste. 

Energy recovery also takes place in plants 

where household waste is not treated. 

Sweden has enforced strict regulations on 

air and water emissions from waste incineration 

since the middle of the 1980’s. Most 

types of emissions have been reduced by 

90-99 percent since that time. Apart from 

stricter regulations, other factors such as progressing 

technological development and 

improved waste separation have contributed 

to reduced emissions. 

The remains from incineration consist of 

bottom ash from the furnace, 15-20 percent 

by weight of the treated waste, and flue gas 

treatment residues, 3-5 percent by weight. 

Part of the slag goes to landfills, while slag 

gravel may be used as substitute to natural 

gravel in, for example, road and landfill construction 

work. The flue gas treatment residues 

are either transported to landfills or used 

for neutralization when refilling mines. 

There are 29 plants for incineration of 

household waste in Sweden, which will continue 

to expand in 2010 and 2011. 

Imported waste used for energy recovery 

has increased in recent years, and in 2009, 

Sweden imported 36,480 tons of household 

waste. Waste has become an increasingly 

important source in Swedish district heating 

systems. An evaluation on the climate impact 

of imported waste going to Waste-to-Energy, 

carried out by Avfall Sverige - Swedish Waste 

Management and the Swedish District Heating 

Association, shows that the emissions of 

greenhouse gases has decreased due to the 

waste import. 

The main reason for the large emission 

reduction is that imports replace waste treatment 

in the country of origin. First of all, this 

has to do with landfilling, which due to import 

enables a reduction of methane emissions 

considerably, a very potent greenhouse gas. 

The report shows that the transportation of 

waste in comparison only marginally adds to 

the greenhouse emissions. 

According to the EU Framework Directive for 

Waste, waste incineration with effective energy 

recovery is regarded as recycling. It is a 

sanitary and environmentally sound treatment 

method of such waste which cannot or should 

not be treated otherwise. 

* ”Energy from waste – An international perspective” 

Avfall Sverige report U2008:13 is available for download 

at www.avfallsverige.se 

** ” U 2010:01 Import of combustible waste and its 

impact on emissions of climate gases” Avfall Sverige 

report U2010:01 is available for download at www. 

avfallsverige.se 

20


13.9 TWh of energy was produced through 

incineration, of which 12.3 TWh was used 

for heating and 1.6 TWh for electricity. 

21


Processed waste (tons) 

Energy recovery (MWh) 

Plant Household waste Total Heating Electricity 

Avesta 19,460 52,360 164,980 0 

Boden 43,020 93,500 306,000 28,000 

Bollnäs 23,290 47,030 131,710 0 

Borlänge 36,560 63,340 154,910 31,690 

Borås 26,040 102,820 227,700 49,700 

Eksjö 28,650 51,950 94,550 16,250 

Finspång 23,130 29,360 65,270 0 

Göteborg 275,460 453,860 1,197,390 227,790 

Halmstad 103,370 183,470 450,200 63,420 

Hässleholm 10,920 42,420 107,940 3,990 

Jönköping 47,780 145,150 359,100 100,210 

Karlskoga 30,800 95,580 233,840 22,170 

Karlstad 35,320 48,040 156,860 0 

Kil 0 13,830 40,490 0 

Kiruna 29,590 60,800 136,280 24,030 

Kumla 44,740 162,210 263,420 68,370 

Köping 15,350 29,380 76,080 0 

Lidköping 42,920 90,480 292,210 30,400 

Linköping 146,350 390,900 948,140 134,940 

Ljungby 52,540 58,720 139,930 15,040 

Malmö 220,780 548,230 1,471,540 254,040 

Mora 11,160 14,130 39,340 0 

Norrköping 112,150 190,470 499,510 32,450 

Skövde 26,840 59,400 170,930 12,960 

Stockholm 393,430 659,910 1,649,490 311,640 

Sundsvall 90,430 197,000 421,820 84,370 

Södertälje 0 175,740 781,600 10,490 

Uddevalla 43,990 97,560 183,000 57,000 

Umeå 62,780 128,960 310,130 68,900 

Uppsala 165,650 340,690 1,090,130 0 

Västervik 10,500 43,550 119,930 0 

Total 2,173,000 4,670,840 12,284,420 1,647,850 

Avfall Sverige’s statistics encompass Waste-to-Energy plants for household waste. Most plants also accept other waste. 

The plants in Södertälje and Kil are included despite this definition. 

The figures presented above include energy from back-up fuels. The amount of back-up fuel was 106,200 MWh in total. 

22


Energy recovery and emissions 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Incineration (tons) 

Households 2,181,890 2,107,860 2,190,980 2,292,970 2,173,000 

Other waste 1,637,440 1,991,940 2,279,710 2,273,840 2,497,840 

Total 3,819,330 4,099,800 4,470,690 4,566,810 4,670,840 

Production (MWh) 

Heating 10,168,190 10,270,290 12,151,270 12,196,620 12,284,420 

Electricity 943,270 1,187,390 1,482,750 1,527,600 1,647,850 

Total 11,111,460 11,457,680 13,634,020 13,724,220 13,932,270 

Emissions to air (tons) 

Dust 39 33 24 30 37 

HCl 98 55 60 39 35 

SOx (SO 2 

) 310 175 196 154 211 

NOx (NO 2 

) 1,904 2,180 2,101 2,190 2,350 

Emissions to air * 

Hg (kg) 33 39 36 44 58 

Cd + Tl (kg) 21 15 6 6 15 

Pb (kg) 77 54 51 136 170 

Dioxin (g) 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.8 2.6 

Bottom ash (tons) 550,850 598,545 649,680 693,140 736,020 

APC residues (tons) 160,920 176,298 183,370 202,920 216,660 

** 

** 

** 

* the emission values are accounted for in accordance with the rules for waste incineration 

** a few higher values affect the total emission values 

Processed waste 1991 – 2009 

ton 

5,000,000 

4,000,000 

3,000,000 

2,000,000 

1,000,000 

Energy recovery 1991 – 2009 

MWh 

15,000,000 

12,000,000 

9,000,000 

6,000,000 

3,000,000 

-91 -96 -01 

-07 -08 -09 

Total amount of waste treated by Waste-to-Energy 

Of which household waste 

-91 -96 

-01 

-07-08 -09 

Production 

Heat 

23


LANDFILL 

In 2009, 63,000 tons of household waste 

went to landfills. This is a decrease by 77,000 

tons, or 55 percent, compared to 2008. 

Divided over the population, it represents 6.7 

kg per person. It also means that 1.4 percent 

of the household waste was landfilled. In 

2009, a total of 1,030,000 tons of waste was 

deposited at the Swedish landfills for municipal 

waste, a decrease of 640,000 tons compared 

to 2008. Landfilling is the treatment 

method that is used for waste which cannot be 

treated otherwise, for instance tiles, porcelain 

ware and crushed concrete. 

In 1994, Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste 

Management started to collect statistics on 

household waste deposited to landfills. The 

amount of landfilled waste has decreased 

considerably since then, and in 2003 the environmental 

objective, to halve the waste going 

to landfills compared with 1994, was achieved. 

This was a goal set for 2005. 

The 31st of December 2008 much stricter 

EU regulations regarding landfilling took 

effect, and almost half of all landfill sites for 

municipal waste were closed. In 2009, 85 

landfills were still open. Most of these landfill 

sites take non-hazardous waste, while 21 of 

them also accept hazardous waste. Only 5 of 

the sites are limited to inert waste. 

Landfills that are closed must be capped 

with a final cover. Together these landfills 

cover an estimated area of 25km 2 , and the 

estimated total cost for final covering of the 

sites is about 6 billion SEK. Every year, 

approximately 6-8 million tons of material is 

used for the final covers of landfill sites. 

Natural material is not always available, and 

in many cases, residues, such as contaminated 

soil, ashes, sludge etc, is used instead. 

During 2009, approximately 248 GWh was 

produced from recovered landfill gas at 36 

active landfills, of which 11 GWh was used for 

electricity. An additional 35 GWh of landfill gas 

was flared. Energy is not produced from flaring, 

but methane emissions are reduced. 

During the same period, approximately 46 

GWh was produced from recovered landfill gas 

at 12 landfills that were closed in 2008, of 

which about 6 GWh was used for electricity, 

and 8 GWh was flared. 

In 2009, at least half of the active landfills 

indicated to have local treatment of leachate. 

Local leachate treatment includes, in most 

cases, some form of biological treatment to 

reduce the emissions of nutrients. Leachate 

will however change character in the long run, 

since depositing of organic waste is prohibited. 

In 2009, 4.8 million m 3 of leachate was 

collected from approximately 80 percent of 

the active landfills. 

At modern landfill sites, waste disposal is 

only part of the business conducted. At most 

sites, they also attend to the separation of 

waste materials going to treatment, to transport 

on to recovery and recycling, and to 

energy recovery. Sometimes the landfill sites 

also serve as temporary storage of large quantities 

of waste that fall under the producer’s 

responsibility, such as paper and glass. 

24


LANDFILLED WASTE QUANTITIY 1994–2009 (TONS) 

Quantity of 

of which 

waste deposited household waste 

1994 6,080,000 1 380,000 

1995 5,340,000 1 200,000 

1996 5,050,000 1 110,000 

1997 4,750,000 1 150,000 

1998 4,800,000 1 020,000 

1999 4,900,000 920,000 

2000 4,450,000 865,000 

2001 4,240,000 880,000 

2002 3,770,000 825,000 

2003 2,940,000 575,000 

2004 2,480,000 380,000 

2005 1,940,000 210,000 

2006 1,830,000 226,000 

2007 1,994,000 186,000 

2008 1,670,000 140,000 

2009 1,030,000 63,000 

Landfilled waste quantity 1994 – 2009 

tons 

7,000,000 

6,000,000 

5,000,000 

4,000,000 

3,000,000 

2,000,000 

1,000,000 

0 

-94 -96 -98 -00 -02 -04 

Quantity of waste deposited 

Of which household waste 

-06 

-08 -09 

The presented figures on household waste are not completely authentic since there 

are fractions of actual household waste which not always can be separated from 

other waste. 

ENERGY RECOVERY AT THE LANDFILL SITES (MWH) 

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Energy recovery 370,000 340,000 282,200 290,100 310,800 294,240 

of which electricity 25,000 20,000 20,800 22,600 23,700 17,400 

Flaring 50,000 70,000 60,200 52,100 65,100 43,600 

25


WASTE ECONOMICS 

Municipalities and producers handle the management 

of household waste. The municipal 

costs are charged as a separate waste collection 

fee, and the producers’ costs as a fee 

included in the price of the product. 

The local councils set the municipal waste 

collection fees. The producers themselves 

decide on the amount of the product fee. 

As a rule, the waste collection fees cover 

the total costs for the municipal waste management. 

However, cases of deficits are taxfunded. 

Administration, such as waste planning, 

customer service, invoicing and information 

are included in the costs. The fee must 

also cover the service costs at the recycling 

centers for collection and handling of bulky 

waste and hazardous household waste. The 

rate is often based on one fixed and one variable 

fee, for example on one fee for waste 

collection and one for waste treatment. 

According to the self cost principle in the Local 

Government Act, the municipalities’ income 

from fees must not exceed the costs for the 

municipal waste management. 

The waste collection fee of a Swedish single-family 

house is 1,980 SEK a year on average, 

according to data from the statistics system 

Avfall Web. 

Many local authorities, which have introduced 

voluntary collection of food waste, use 

the fee as a means of control. For example, 

households that sign up for separate collection 

of food waste are offered a lower fee than 

those that choose to continue with mixed 

waste collection. 

To attain a higher recycling rate, several 

municipalities have introduced a fee based on 

weight, which means that the households pay 

per kilo waste collected, on top of the basic 

fee. 29 municipalities had the weight-based 

fee in 2009. In these cases, the collection 

vehicles are provided with a scale and equipment 

to identify each bin. The total annual 

cost for weight-based fees will vary depending 

on the quantity of waste left for collection. 

The waste collection fee for an apartment of 

70 m 2 is on average 1,350 SEK, according to 

an annual report submitted by an organization 

representing tenants and landlords’ associations. 

The cost for waste management is on average 

690 SEK per person and year, including 

VAT. The municipal cost for collection of waste 

in bins and bags is on average 200 SEK per 

person. Treatment of the waste is not included 

in that cost. The basic fee, at 250 SEK per 

person, covers the cost for the recycling centers, 

treatment of hazardous waste from 

households, planning, information and administration. 

The statistics are based on data 

collected from approximately 40 percent of 

the municipalities in Sweden. 

There are several means to reduce the environmental 

impact of waste management, to 

improve resource efficiency and to increase 

recycling, either through information or with 

administrative means of control. Examples of 

administrative means are regulations and prohibitions 

such as emission limit values and 

prohibition against landfilling of organic waste. 

Economical means can work either as ”carrot”, 

through tax reliefs and subventions, or as 

“stick”, through taxes and charges. The 

Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) is applied. 

Tax on landfilled waste was introduced in 

2000 as a way to reduce landfilling. The tax 

was initially 250 SEK but has since then been 

raised several times. Since July 1st 2006, the 

landfill tax has been set at 435 SEK per ton of 

waste disposed. The landfill site is liable for 

taxation. On July 1st 2006, a tax on household 

waste going to waste-to-energy incineration 

was introduced. The Swedish Parliament has 

decided to abrogate that tax on October 1st, 

2010. 

The treatment fee, or reception fee, is the 

part of the waste management which is 

charged when the waste is transported to the 

treatment facility. The table on the next page 

shows the approximate charges for different 

types of treatment. The charges can vary a 

good deal from one facility to another. 

26


WASTE INCINERATION TAX 

Upphör 1 oktober 2010 

kr/tons 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 

electrical efficiency 

LANDFILL TAX 2000 – 2010 

kr/tons 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

0 

-00 -01 -02 -03 -04 -05 -06 -07 -08 -09 -10 

TREATMENT FEE FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE (including VAT and, where relevant, tax) 

SEK/ton 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

Landfill 700–1,200 700–1,200 700–1,200 700–1,200 700–1,200 700–1,200 

Incineration 300–600 300–600 500–1,000 500–1,000 550–1,100 550–1,100 

Biological treatment 400–1,000 400–600 400–700 400–800 400–800 400–800 

27


OTHER WASTE THAN HOUSEHOLD WASTE 

The industries are responsible for managing 

the waste which is not household waste. 

Sometimes they have at their disposal their 

own landfill sites or the possibility of energy 

recovery in incineration facilities. 

Waste from construction, renovation, reconstruction 

or demolition of buildings, or from 

more extensive garden constructions do not 

fall under the responsibility of the municipality 

to collect or handle. Waste from minor maintenance 

work and house repairs counts as 

household waste. Some construction and 

demolition waste are classified as hazardous 

waste, for example asbestos and impregnated 

wood, and must be treated accordingly. 

Collected data on waste other than household 

waste is found in the official statistics 

presented to the EU by the Swedish 

Environmental Protection Agency. According to 

the EU’s Waste Statistics Directive, each member 

state must present its country’s statistics 

once every two years. Waste statistics reports 

from 2008 will be presented in the autumn of 

2010; hence the last available statistics is 

from 2006. 

In 2006, Sweden produced close to 121 

million tons of non-hazardous waste and 2.8 

million tons of hazardous waste. According to 

the study conducted, 111.1 million tons of 

non-hazardous waste and one million tons of 

hazardous waste underwent treatment. These 

figures include household waste. The statistics 

present waste quantities produced and 

waste quantities treated, separately. There 

are several reasons as to why the figures for 

waste treated are smaller than the figures for 

waste produced. For example, not all treatment 

methods are accounted for, and neither 

is internal material recycling in industries. 

In 2006, 116 million tons of non-hazardous 

waste was produced in the industry, of which 

approximately half was mining waste. The 

amount of hazardous waste produced in the 

industry was approximately 2 million tons. 

26 million tons of treated non-hazardous 

waste and 339,000 tons of hazardous waste 

were material-recycled. Contaminated soil and 

incineration residues, which was treated and 

used for covering landfill sites, represented a 

large share of the recycling of hazardous 

waste. 18.5 million tons of non-hazardous 

waste and 209,000 tons of hazardous waste 

were treated through waste-to-energy incineration. 

The figures cover all types of waste, 

household waste included. 

The largest waste volumes come from the 

mining industry, followed by the wood industry 

and the construction industry. 62 million tons 

of mining waste, approximately 22 million tons 

of wood waste and more than 8 million tons of 

waste from the construction industry was produced 

in 2006. 

28


WASTE AGENDA 

Major law alterations, ordinances and regulations 

to be respected by the waste industry. 

1999 

• The Environmental Code with associated 

directives and regulations. 

2000 

• Introduction of SEK 250/ton tax on waste 

going to landfill. 

• The municipalities’ possibility of taking voluntary 

responsibility for waste other than 

household waste is abolished. 

2001 

• Directives with regulations about landfilling. 

• Directives about producer’s responsibility 

for waste from electric and electronic equipment 

(WEEE). 

2002 

• Tax on waste to landfills increased to SEK 

288/ton. 

• Waste directives with new list of wastes. 

• Landfilling ban on sorted combustible 

waste. 

• Directives introduced regarding the incineration 

of waste. Applies directly to new facilities. 

2003 


370/ton. 

• Government bill 2002/03:117 ”A society 

with non-toxic and resource efficient recycling 

systems” is published. Parliament 

debate and vote on the government bill. 

2004 

• Clarification of the waste holder’s responsibility 

introduced in chapter 15 § 5 a of the 

Environmental Code. 

• Regulations and general advice about the 

management of combustible and organic 

waste. 

• Changes to the directives regarding producer’s 

responsibility for packaging and 

waste paper. 

2005 

• Landfilling ban on organic waste. 

• Swedish environmental objective: The 

amount of waste to landfills, excluding mining 

waste, must be reduced by at least 50 

percent compared with 1994. (According to 

the statistics for household waste in 2003.) 

• New directive about producer’s responsibility 

for waste from electric and electronic 

equipment (WEEE) came into force on 

August 13 th . The previous directive continues 

to apply for light bulbs and light sources. 

• Directive and regulation about waste incineration 

came into force on December 28 th . 

• A national environmental directive that the 

quantity of landfill waste, excluding mining 

waste, shall be reduced by at least 50 percent 

from the level of 1994. 

2006 

• Energy tax on household waste for incineration 

through energy tax is introduced on July 

1 st . 


435/ton. 

• New directives regarding requirements for 

receiving waste at landfill sites, and regulations 

on contents are laid down in a municipal 

waste plan. 

• New EU directive 1013/2006 regarding 

transportation of waste comes into force. 

29


2007 

• Guidance on the concept of household 

waste from the Swedish Environmental 

Protection Agency. 

• Introduction of increased environmental 

responsibility for operators, and increased 

legislation on environmental crime. 

• The municipalities’ possibility of taking voluntary 

responsibility for hazardous waste 

other than household waste is abolished on 

July 1 st . 

• New directive regarding environmentally 

harmful activities and health protection 

with new permission and reporting levels in 

the appendix. 

2008 

• A new legislation on public procurement 

takes effect on January 1 st . 

• All open landfill sites must follow ordinances 

and regulations for landfilling. 

• Introducing demands on pre-consented collection 

systems for packaging and certain 

types of paper such as newspaper, and on 

authorization requirements to run such collection 

systems professionally. The law 

alteration is proposed to come into force on 

September 1 st . 

• New Framework Directive for waste from 

the European Community, to be implemented 

in Sweden by 2010, at the earliest. 

• New EC regulation with directives regarding 

export to certain countries for recovery of 

waste is implemented. 

• New EC regulation with directives regarding 

an embargo on export of mercury etc. From 

the EU is implemented. 

2009 

• A new regulation regarding batteries takes 

effect on January 1 st . 

• A new regulation on management of waste 

from extractive industries. The directives 

concern waste from prospecting, extraction, 

processing activities or storage of 

mineral resources, and waste from quarry 

activities. 

2010 

• Incineration tax on household waste will be 

repealed on October 1 st 2010. 

• New handbook from the Swedish 

Environmental Protection Agency about 

recycling of waste at facilities, Handbook 

2010:1. 

• A regulation revision authorizes the Swedish 

Environmental Protection Agency to negotiate 

agreements for less strict registration 

procedures for waste transports border 

districts between Sweden, Finland and 

Denmark. 

• Audited definition of biogas to make it possible 

to have the definition include landfill 

gas. Tax exemption for biogas transported 

in pipe lines. The tax exemption shall apply 

for the gas all the way to the client according 

to contract. 

• Tax on fertilizer is abolished on January 1 st , 

2010. 

• The insurance on environmental damage 

and decontamination is abolished on 

January 1 st , 2010. 

• New law on durability criteria for biofuels 

and bioliquids. Implementation of the criteria 

in the Directive 2009/28/EC. 

• Revised regulations from the Swedish 

Environmental Protection Agency regarding 

large incineration plants with waste-to-energy 

incineration 

30


• Revised regulations from the Swedish 

Environmental Protection Agency about 

demands for landfill sites for hazardous 

waste as well as landfill sites for non-hazardous 

waste to manage collection and 

report meteorological data. 

• National target to recycle a minimum of 35 

percent of food waste from households, 

restaurants, large-scale kitchens, and 

stores through biological treatment. 

• National target to recover a minimum of 50 

percent of the household waste through 

material recycling, including biological treatment. 

• National target to recycle all food waste and 

equivalent waste from food industries etc., 

through biological treatment. 

• The revised EU Framework Directive for 

Waste shall be taken into force by December 

10, at the latest. 

2011 

• The new regulation (EC) 1069/2009 for 

animal by-products, shall apply from March 

4 th , 2011. 

2013 

• By December 12 th , at the latest, the member 

states of the EU shall have established 

national waste prevention programs to 

reduce the waste volumes and also make 

the waste less harmful. The programs shall 

either be part of waste plans in accordance 

with the directive or of other environment 

policy programs. The requirements are laid 

down in the Waste Framework Directive (EC) 

2008/98. 

2014 

• Waste containing a minimum of 0.1 percent 

by weight of mercury and which is not landfilled 

in accordance with authorization given 

by the Environmental Code, or with regulations 

laid down in this code, will be disposed 

by means stated in the Waste Collection 

and Disposal Ordinance (with some exceptions 

given in the regulation (EC) 

1108/2008). 

2015 

• National target that at least 60 percent of 

phosphorus pollution in effluent shall be 

treated and used on productive lands, of 

which at least half should be used on arable 

land. 

• By 2015, at the latest, the EU member 

states hall have established separate collection 

of at least paper, metal and glass 

provided that it is practicable from a technological, 

environmental an economical point 

of view. The requirements are laid down in 

the Waste Framework Directive. 

2020 

• The EU has the objective of reducing emissions 

of greenhouse gas by 20 percent by 

2020, compared to the emission rates in 

1990. The Swedish Parliament has called 

for a reduction of Sweden’s emissions by 40 

percent, compared to 1990. The overall 

target is to produce a total of 20 percent 

renewable energy within the EU and that 10 

percent of all vehicle fuel shall be produced 

from renewable resources. 

• The Waste Frame Directive includes new 

recycling objectives for the member states. 

By 2020, 50 percent of all paper, metal, 

plastic and glass household waste and 

similar waste shall be reused or recovered. 

For construction and demolition waste the 

target is 70 percent. 

31


GLOSSARY 

AEROBIC TREATMENT 

Treatment of biowaste with access to/supply 

of oxygen, e.g. composting. 

ANAEROBIC TREATMENT 

Treatment of biowaste without access to/supply 

of oxygen, e.g. digestion. 

ASHES 

See flue gas cleaning remains and slag. 

WASTE 

Every object, chemical or substance that the 

owner is disposing of, or intends to dispose of 

or is obliged to dispose of (see chapter 15 § 1 

of the Environmental Code). 

BALING 

Packing together and possibly tying into bales, 

e.g. before intermediary storage or in order to 

get an easier material to handle. 

BAT (Best Available Technology) 

Guiding principle for which system should be 

chosen based from an environmental perspective, 

with respect to what may be considered 

economically reasonable (see chapter 2 

of the Environmental Code). 

BIOWASTE 

Waste that is easily decomposed, i.e. the proportion 

of organic waste that in a limited time 

may be decomposed in biological processes, 

e.g. food and garden waste (compare organic 

waste). 

32 

BIOCELL 

Demarcated area, e.g. at landfill sites where 

biowaste is decomposed in an anoxic process 

and landfill gas is produced. 

BIOGAS 

Gas that is formed during anoxic decomposition 

of organic material, mainly consisting of 

methane and carbon dioxide. 

DIGESTATE 

A product from anaerobic digestion of biowaste. 

It is a quick-acting fertilizer that replaces 

artificial manure in farming. Certified digestate 

is now approved by KRAV. 

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 

Recycling of humus, nourishment and/or energy 

from biowaste through aerobic or anaerobic 

treatment. 

BIOLOGICAL WASTE 

See biowaste. 

DISPOSAL 

Such procedures that are laid down in appendix 

5 to the Waste Directive, including landfilling. 

COMBUSTIBLE WASTE 

Waste that burns without additional energy 

once the incineration process has started 

(see the Waste Directive § 4). 

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE 

Waste that is produced through construction, 

extension, renovation, reconstruction or demolition 

work. 

LANDFILL 

Controlled storage of waste that is not intended 

to be removed (see the Landfill Directive § 5). 

LANDFILL GAS 

Biogas produced at landfill sites. 

DIOXIN 

Generic term for 210 organochlorine compounds, 

17 of which are extremely toxic and 

accumulate in fatty tissue. 

WASTE ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC 

EQUIPMENT (WEEE) 

Waste from electric and electronic equipment 

including all components, equipment parts 

and consumables that have had an electrical 

or electronic function. Included by the producer’s 

responsibility (see Waste Directive § 6 

and the Producer’s Responsibility Directive for 

Waste from Electric and Electronic Equipment 

2005:209 2 § 28). 

ENERGY RECOVERY 

The utilization of electricity/heat produced in 

a waste incineration plant, or by gas from 

organic substances, e.g. in a digestion plant or 

at a landfill site.


HAZARDOUS WASTE 

Waste that has one or several hazardous properties, 

e.g. toxic, carcinogenic, explosive or 

inflammable. Formally speaking, waste which 

is marked with * in appendix 2, or other waste 

with one or several hazardous properties 

according to appendix 3 of the Waste Directive 


COLLECTION 

Collection, sorting or mixing of waste for further 

transportation (see the Waste Directive § 4). 

COMPACTOR 

Vehicle used for decomposition and packaging 

of waste (to reduce the waste volume) at a 

landfill site. 

BIODEGRADABLE WASTE 

Waste suitable for composting or digestion. 

FOOD WASTE/CATERING WASTE 

Food waste from the food chain (households, 

restaurants, large-scale kitchens, stores, and 

the food industry) which for commercial or 

other reasons has not been consumed. 

CURBSIDE COLLECTION 

Collection at or in direct connection to the 

property where the waste was produced. 

BULKY WASTE 

Waste too heavy or bulky to be collected in 

bins and bags (see NFS 2004:4 § 4). 

GREEN WASTE 

Park and garden waste 

HOUSEHOLD WASTE 

Waste that comes from households and waste 

from other businesses which is similar to 

waste from households in type or composition 

(see the Environmental Code chapter 15 § 2). 

¬ 

NON-COMBUSTIBLE WASTE 

Waste that cannot be incinerated even with 

additional energy, e.g. stones, metal. 

INERT WASTE 

Waste that does not undergo any essential 

physical, chemical or biological changes when 

in contact with other waste, e.g. stones and 

gravel (see the Landfill Directive § 3). 

COMPOSTING 

Biological treatment where biological waste is 

decomposed by using oxygen (compare digestion). 

SOURCE SEPARATION 

Sorting or separation of waste at the actual 

place where the waste was produced, e.g. in 

households. 

WASTE IN BINS AND BAGS 

Waste which is normally produced in households 

and put in bins or bags, and collected in 

containers, underground containers or 

through vacuum collection systems. 

LEACHATE 

Liquid that runs through, emerges from or is 

contained in waste during landfilling, intermediary 

storage or transportation. 

LINER 

Sealing in landfills, often in several layers, to 

prevent precipitation from reaching the waste 

in the landfill and from collecting leachate. 

MATERIAL RECYCLING 

See recycling. 

UNMANNED HAZARDOUS 

WASTE COLLECTION POINT 

Smaller, unmanned facility for reception of 

hazardous household waste, often located at 

a recycling center or placed alongside a gas 

station. 

ORGANIC WASTE 

Waste containing organic carbon, e.g. biological 

waste and plastic waste (compare biowaste) 


PRODUCER 

Someone who professionally produce, transport 

to Sweden or sell a product or packaging 

(goods producer) or who in their professional 

business produce waste that requires special 

treatment for collection or environmental reasons 

(waste producer) (see the Environmental 

Code chapter 15 § 4). 

33


PRODUCER’S RESPONSIBILITY 

The responsibility of producers of certain 

specified products throughout the entire lifecycle, 

including design, production and the 

management as waste. 

FLUE GAS TREATMENT RESIDUES 

A generic term for the fine-grained fraction 

that comes from treatment of flue gases and 

consists of furnace ash, fly ash, filter cake 

from pipe filters, and sludge. Flue gas treatment 

residues go to landfilling as hazardous 

waste. 

ANAEROB DIGESTION 

Anaerobic (oxygen-free) treatment method of 

biowaste where biogas is produced (compare 

composting). 

CO-INCINERATION 

Incineration of waste, potentially mixed with 

other material, in a plant principally constructed 

for energy production. 

SLAG, BOTTOM ASH 

Non-combustible materials that are not vaporized 

when incinerated, e.g. glass, porcelain, 

scrap iron and stone-like material (gravel etc.). 

Bottom ash is left when larger metal remains 

have been removed and the material has 

been sieved. 

INSPECTION CHECK 

Inspection by an authority that perform 

checks on certain types of business activities, 

particularly those of the environmentally 

harmful nature. 

COVERING 

Material found at landfills, often in several layers, 

intended to drain leachate, prevent rain 

water from seeping down, and in some cases 

to prevent waste from blowing away. 

Intermediate covering is placed in between 

layers of waste, final covering is a thicker layer 

placed on top, sometimes with a final layer of 

foliage planted. 

INDUSTRIAL WASTE 

Waste that is produced from industrial processes. 

REUSE 

Use of discarded product that has not been 

subject to previous processing. 

RECOVERY 

Use, treatment or preservation of materials, 

nutrients or energy from waste (see recovery 

procedure, appendix 4 to the Waste Directive). 

RECYCLING CENTER 

Larger manned facility for reception of bulky 

waste, garden waste, WEEE, hazardous waste 

etc. 

RECYCLING STATION 

Unmanned smaller facility for reception of 

packaging and waste paper. 

Sources: Avfall Sverige, Swedish waste terminology (1998, AFR report 217), 1000 Terms in Solid Waste Management (1992, ISWA), Swedish Code of Statutes and the 

Swedish Environmental Protection Agency’s code of statutes. 

34


ABOUT AVFALL SVERIGE – SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT 

Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management is the 

Swedish interest organization within the waste management 

and recycling sector. Our members are 

local authorities and local authorities’ associations. 

Private companies are associated members. In total, 

we have approximately 400 members. 

The primary task is to represent and develop the 

members by creating networks, provide information, 

and to influence decision-makers. 

Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management is 

striving to promote the development of environmentally 

sound and sustainable waste management 

based on a manifest responsibility to society. 

Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management look 

after the members’ interests in waste management, 

a task which encompasses separation, collection, 

recycling, waste disposal, as well as issues regarding 

administration, economy, information, planning, 

training, and development. Avfall Sverige – Swedish 

Waste Management is Sweden’s largest environmental 

movement. Our members make Swedish 

waste management work, with everything that 

means, from collection to recycling. We do it on 

behalf of the society: environmentally safe, sustainable 

and on long term. We are 16,000 people working 

with Swedish households and companies – 

together, we perform one of Sweden’s most important 

jobs! 

Find out more at www.avfallsverige.se 

STAFF 

Weine Wiqvist 

Managing Director 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 05 

Mobile no. 0708-93 15 99 

weine.wiqvist@avfallsverige.se 

Jessica Christiansen 

Hazardous waste, 

Waste from Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment (WEEE) 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 18 

Mobile no. 0706-69 36 18 

jessica.christiansen@avfallsverige.se 

Anna-Carin Gripwall 

Corporate Communication Manager 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 08 

Mobile no. 070-662 61 28 

anna-carin.gripwall@avfallsverige.se 

Peter Flyhammar 

Landfill, energy recovery 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 24 

Mobile no. 0709-49 49 57 

peter.flyhammar@avfallsverige.se 

Angelika Blom 

Biological treatment: 

composting, digestion, biogas 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 23 

Mobile no. 070-622 00 63 

angelika.blom@avfallsverige.se 

Karin Lindskog Johansson 

Public relations officer, batteries 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 12 

karin.lindskog@avfallsverige.se 

Inge Johansson 

Waste-to-energy incineration 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 16 

Mobile no. 0739-88 33 99 

inge.johansson@avfallsverige.se 

Karin Jönsson 

Editor of Avfall och Miljö 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 17 

karin.jonsson@avfallsverige.se 

Sven Lundgren 

Legal Counsel 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 09 

Mobile no. 0708-35 66 55 

sven.lundgren@avfallsverige.se 

Monica Lövström 

Public Affairs Counselor 

Mobile no. 0705-35 66 42 

monica.lovstrom@avfallsverige.se 

Ewa Koverman 

Finance assistant, invoicing 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 04 

ewa.koverman@avfallsverige.se 

Petra Kvist Carlsson 

Courses, conferences 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 03 

Mobile no. 0708-81 96 36 

petra.carlsson@avfallsverige.se 

Jon Nilsson-Djerf 

Material recycling, 

collection, transport 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 14 

Mobile no. 070-526 35 27 

jon.nilsson-djerf@avfallsverige.se 

Per Nilzén 

Avfall Sverige’s Development 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 13 

Mobile no. 070-523 24 04 

per.nilzen@avfallsverige.se 

Ingegerd Svantesson 

Public relations officer, website editor 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 07 

Mobile no. 073-703 70 24 

ingegerd.svantesson@avfallsverige.se 

Pernilla Svensson 

Subscriptions, register of members 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 11 

pernilla.svensson@avfallsverige.se 

Jenny Westin 

Statistics, procurement, waste tariffs 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 15 

Mobile no. 070-518 40 45 

jenny.westin@avfallsverige.se 

Peter Westling 

Economy/Administration Manager 

Direct tel. no. 040-35 66 06 

peter.westling@avfallsverige.se 

35


Adress 

Telefon 

Fax 

E-post 

Hemsida 

©Avfall Sverige AB 

Prostgatan 2, 211 25 Malmö 

040-35 66 00 

040-35 66 26 

info@avfallsverige.se 

www.avfallsverige.se 

PETER FORSNOR/T R A D E M A R K M A L M Ö A B FOTO: PETER FORSNOR 

36

SWEDISH WASTE MANAGEMENT |2010 - Avfall Sverige

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