Newsletter 02 2006.pdf - Sight and Life

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SIGHT AND LIFE 44 NEWSLETTER 2/2006 much to learn about this area. It is interesting to note that those with C-reactive concentration ≥10 mg/l (n=12) were excluded from the study, indicating an understanding of the APR problem with vitamin A – see above.) “Anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A status among schoolaged children in rural Kazakhstan” by Hashizume M, Chiba M, Shinohara A et al. Publ Hlth Nutr 2005; 8: 564–571 (Univ Tokyo, Dept Int Community Hlth, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. Email: masahiro. hashizume@ishtm.ac.uk) Among 159 school-age children 1) anemia, 2) iron deficiency and 3) vitamin A deficiency were assessed. Indicators (but not criteria) used were: (1 and 2) HB, serum iron, serum ferritin, transferring saturation and erythrocyte protoporphyrin; and (3) serum retinol 0.5%). The usual ratio XN>X1B is reversed. No account was taken of APR.) “A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mexico” by Long KZ, Montoya Y, Hertzmark E et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 693–700 (Dept Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA) 736 children, aged 6–15 months, were assigned to receive 1) vitamin A every 2 months, 2) zinc daily, 3) vitamin A and zinc, or 4) placebo. Overall vitamin A supplementation was associated with a 27% increase in diarrheal disease and 23% increase in cough with fever. Zinc had no effect on these outcomes. Rates were stratified by household and personal characteristics and the following results obtained: vitamin A decreased diarrhea in children from households with dirt floors but increased diarrhea in children from households with non-dirt floors, piped water, and indoor bathrooms. Zinc decreased diarrhea in children from households with dirt floors and whose mothers were more educated. Vitamin A increased cough with fever in children from less-crowded households that lacked indoor bathrooms and children of less-educated mothers. (The findings have been quoted almost word-for-word but these complex results are still very difficult to interpret. However, they should have a bearing on the recent UNICEF recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diarrheal diseases –see above under community research.)
NEWSLETTER 2/2006 45 SIGHT AND LIFE “Vitamin A and zinc status in patients on maintenance haemodialysis” by Cabral PC, Diniz A da S, de Arruda IK. Nephrology 2005; 10: 459–463 (Dept of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil) 55 patients and 28 healthy controls were compared. The mean serum retinol concentration was significantly (p
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