08.11.2014 Views

The Penguin Dictionary of American English Usage and Style : A ...

The Penguin Dictionary of American English Usage and Style : A ...

The Penguin Dictionary of American English Usage and Style : A ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

26 as<br />

his movie roles—tromping around in<br />

farmer’s boots <strong>and</strong> overalls.<br />

Change the phrase in dashes to “as <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

as not. . . .” <strong>The</strong> sentence appeared in a<br />

newspaper’s television review. Was the<br />

omission <strong>of</strong> a two-letter word meant to<br />

save space? Plenty <strong>of</strong> it remained at the<br />

end <strong>of</strong> the paragraph.<br />

Sometimes the as . . . as pattern is<br />

copied when it is not needed: “As hot as<br />

it was, I shivered.” <strong>The</strong> opening “As” is<br />

unnecessary (<strong>and</strong> archaic). <strong>The</strong>re is no<br />

simile or comparison here. <strong>The</strong> second<br />

as means though.<br />

“As best as” is not a legitimate form.<br />

See AS BEST.<br />

A personal pronoun following<br />

as . . . as can be subjective or objective:<br />

“He is as big as I” (that is, as big as I<br />

am). But “<strong>The</strong>y pay Sam as much as me”<br />

(that is, as much as they pay me). See<br />

also Pronouns, 10E.<br />

A sentence may need only a single as if<br />

one <strong>of</strong> the two things being compared<br />

came up in a previous sentence. “It sells<br />

for $1,500. <strong>The</strong> competing product is<br />

twice as expensive” or “just as expensive.”<br />

Just as appears to be the model for<br />

redundancies in the press like “equally<br />

as speedy.” Equally speedy would be<br />

correct.<br />

4. With NOT<br />

In a negative comparison, switching<br />

to so . . . as is an option. You can say either<br />

“Charles is not as tall as his sister”<br />

or “Charles is not so tall as his sister.” A<br />

few grammarians prefer the latter form.<br />

A construction that can be confusing<br />

goes as follows: “<strong>The</strong> line-item veto is<br />

not an economy device, as a number <strong>of</strong><br />

reformers think.” Do they think it is or it<br />

is not? Literally the sentence is expressing<br />

the negative, but that may not be the<br />

intended meaning. Similarly, a lexicographer<br />

writes:<br />

...Orm had not used unntill (as the<br />

editors <strong>of</strong> the work <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the OED<br />

believed) but its northern variant inntill.<br />

. . .<br />

Literally the parenthetical clause says the<br />

editors believed the negative, although<br />

the context suggests the reverse. A<br />

clearer wording would be “the<br />

editors . . . believed that he had done<br />

so.”<br />

(What follows “but” does not make<br />

grammatical sense. Either add a verb,<br />

e.g., “but had used its northern variant,”<br />

or place “not” after “used.” See BUT, 6.)<br />

This was stated in a news broadcast<br />

on a radio network:<br />

<strong>The</strong> VA considers alcoholism willful<br />

misconduct, not a disease, as most <strong>of</strong><br />

the medical pr<strong>of</strong>ession does.<br />

“Does” ties in with nothing; but since<br />

the only other verb in the sentence is<br />

“considers,” the second clause seems<br />

to say that most <strong>of</strong> the medical pr<strong>of</strong>ession<br />

also considers alcoholism willful<br />

misconduct. An opposite message may<br />

have been intended, although there was<br />

no explanation. Whatever the message<br />

was should have been in a separate sentence.<br />

5. With WELL<br />

<strong>The</strong> phrase as well as has primarily<br />

meant <strong>and</strong> not only. Though forced to<br />

bear the extra sense <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> in addition, it<br />

has not fully adapted itself to that role.<br />

Classified as a conjunction, it is considerably<br />

weaker than the conjunction <strong>and</strong>.<br />

This is an example <strong>of</strong> its distinctive<br />

use: “Gertrude, as well as I, is going to<br />

the meeting” (not “are” going or “am”<br />

going). <strong>The</strong> number <strong>of</strong> the verb remains<br />

singular, <strong>and</strong> the person <strong>of</strong> the verb conforms<br />

to the main subject. As well as implies<br />

the addition <strong>of</strong> a new fact (that<br />

Gertrude is going) to a fact already<br />

known (that I am going).<br />

A dictionary’s sole example is “skillful<br />

as well as strong,” which illustrates<br />

the newer use, that <strong>of</strong> simple addition.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!