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The Penguin Dictionary of American English Usage and Style : A ...

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as <strong>and</strong> like 27<br />

<strong>The</strong> phrase becomes merely a drawnout<br />

replacement for <strong>and</strong>. Sometimes<br />

one cannot tell which meaning was intended.<br />

When as well as is put between two<br />

verbs, the verb form is the same. In this<br />

sentence, from a biography, one word<br />

could well be changed:<br />

In the three days they covered at least<br />

fifty miles as well as climbing two<br />

mountains <strong>of</strong> around 3000 feet.<br />

To match covered, change “climbing” to<br />

climbed. Besides would go with climbing.<br />

<strong>The</strong> grammarian H. W. Fowler took it<br />

on himself to “come to the rescue <strong>of</strong> the<br />

phrase as well as [a conjunction] . . . being<br />

cruelly treated” like the preposition<br />

besides. Among examples: “His death<br />

leaves a gap as well as creating a byelection<br />

in Ross”—make “creating” creates,<br />

or replace “as well as” with<br />

besides. “You were there as well as<br />

me”—make “me” I.<br />

Both should not go with as well as.<br />

See BOTH, 2.<br />

As well, without the second as, can<br />

mean in addition (“He wins the money<br />

<strong>and</strong> a car as well”) or with similar effect<br />

(“We might as well give up”). It should<br />

not open a sentence, as it did on the radio:<br />

“As well we’ve got another [road]<br />

closure.” Although unnecessary, “as<br />

well” would have been more idiomatic<br />

at the end <strong>of</strong> the sentence.<br />

AS <strong>and</strong> LIKE. 1. Confusion. 2. Incomparability.<br />

1. Confusion<br />

Like is proper in this sentence:<br />

“Sometimes I feel like a motherless<br />

child.” Or this one: “He looks like you.”<br />

It conforms to the rule: Like (a preposition)<br />

may be followed by a noun or pronoun<br />

that is not allied to a verb. As (a<br />

conjunction) introduces a clause, a<br />

group <strong>of</strong> words with a subject <strong>and</strong> verb.<br />

Like is not acceptable in these sentences,<br />

from radio <strong>and</strong> daily press:<br />

Tonight it will cool <strong>of</strong>f, like it always<br />

does.<br />

Like they did last week before the<br />

Assembly Judiciary Committee,<br />

judges were expected yesterday to ask<br />

for a delay in legislative action.<br />

. . . He looked like he had put on<br />

some <strong>of</strong> the weight he had lost.<br />

In the first <strong>and</strong> second <strong>of</strong> the three samples,<br />

change “like” to as. In the third,<br />

change “like” to as if or as though.<br />

<strong>The</strong> “like”—after “likes”—looks<br />

even worse in the sample below, from a<br />

book. Change “like” to as.<br />

At other times, he likes to produce<br />

spectacular effects, like when he puts<br />

an imposing beret made <strong>of</strong> crumpled<br />

paper onto his picture <strong>of</strong> <strong>The</strong> Student<br />

with a Pipe. . . .<br />

Sometimes when like is needed,<br />

people who have become afraid <strong>of</strong> it<br />

substitute “as.” Comprehension can<br />

suffer: “Harold, as his brother, appeared<br />

in a movie.” If the message is that<br />

both were in movies, not that Harold<br />

portrayed his brother, change “as” to<br />

like.<br />

One may reasonably take issue with<br />

the rule, on grounds <strong>of</strong> literary history.<br />

Shakespeare <strong>and</strong> other celebrated, longgone<br />

writers did not avoid like with<br />

verb. Nor do most people in colloquial<br />

speech. Some authorities defend such usage.<br />

But after generations <strong>of</strong> insistence<br />

by grammarians, editors, <strong>and</strong> teachers, a<br />

writer or careful speaker today emulates<br />

Shakespeare et al. at the risk <strong>of</strong> having<br />

his literacy questioned.<br />

2. Incomparability<br />

Simply following the rule will not rescue<br />

an error in logic. When you liken

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