Electronics Spectra - SMS Lucknow
Electronics Spectra - SMS Lucknow
Electronics Spectra - SMS Lucknow
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<strong>SMS</strong> Institute of Technology, L ucknow<br />
Department of <strong>Electronics</strong> & Co mmunication<br />
IMPLEMENTATION AND<br />
PERFORMANCE/<br />
UTILIZATION<br />
The implementation is mostly behavioral,<br />
but key blocks are i mplemented<br />
structurally to target features<br />
of Actel devices. Both archite ctures<br />
are implemented in VHDL. Gener ics<br />
allow setting the number of address<br />
bits, the memory depth and wid th,<br />
and the degree of parallelism. To make<br />
the simulation easier to follo w, the<br />
data written to a given address is the<br />
address itself. Four writes occur<br />
APPLICATIONS OF CAM<br />
1-implemation of ARP-when a new<br />
host gets associated with a ne twork<br />
the foremost thing that the ne twork<br />
processor does is to update it s network<br />
database with the MAC and IP<br />
address of the new host.This u pdate<br />
taken place in CAM table.<br />
2-signature recognition-with t he<br />
performance and speeds that current<br />
technologies are achieving in communication,<br />
the performance of C AM is<br />
extremely important. One of the foremost<br />
applications that the Int ernet<br />
needs is data protection. With new<br />
ways coming in vogue to hack an end<br />
point, the need for protection from<br />
such attacks, be it through a virus or<br />
a spam, is necessary. If such a process<br />
can be achieved in hardware, it<br />
New Lithium metal phosphate batteries<br />
made with wax and soap<br />
Nowadays, lithium - ion batteries<br />
are so popular in everything from cellular<br />
phones to automobiles is their<br />
relatively quick charge times, reasonable,<br />
capacity, and resistance to fatigue.<br />
Unfortunately, Li-ion<br />
batteries are still somewhat expansive<br />
as their manufacturing<br />
process reduces a good<br />
amount of energy and some<br />
of their usual metal companies<br />
such as cobalt and nickel, are<br />
not entirely inexpensive.<br />
Researches at the Pacific<br />
Northwest National Laboratory<br />
(PNNL) with the help from the<br />
U.S. Department of Energy are<br />
working on developing Li-ion<br />
batteries which can perform at<br />
similar levels but cost much less<br />
to produces the cost reduction<br />
will come from a change<br />
in both production methods and materials<br />
used. Rather than the typical<br />
lithium metal oxide construction, the<br />
PNNL team looked to replace the oxide<br />
and expensive cobalt and n ickel<br />
with a phosphate and maganese or<br />
iron.<br />
The simpler process involves nothing<br />
much more than parafin wax, soap<br />
and heat. They began by mixing the<br />
lithium, phosphate and maganes e<br />
together with melted wax and soap.<br />
Parafin wax is made of long an d<br />
mostly inert molecule chains w hich<br />
Faraj Ahmad<br />
EC - II year<br />
helped direct the crystal growth, while<br />
the soap, as a surfactant, hel ped<br />
spread the important constitue nts<br />
evenly. Next, raised the temperature<br />
of the mixture 400 degree celsius, the<br />
wax and shop evaporated away from<br />
the mixture, living tiny lithi um<br />
maganese phosphate (LMP) crystals<br />
of approximately 50 by 2000 nanometers.<br />
For comparision, a human hair is<br />
about 50,000 to 60,000 nanomet ers<br />
in diameter. They further rais ed the<br />
temperature to bond the crysta l together<br />
and form a plate of cat hode<br />
material.<br />
<br />
improves the throughput drasti cally.<br />
CAMs can help in such a cause by<br />
maintaining a signature data base and<br />
an associate processor can scan the<br />
packets for such signatures and drop<br />
packets if necessary; such a functionality<br />
would add immense value to the<br />
content moved across the Inter net<br />
WAY FORWARD<br />
CAMs, as seen above, are becoming<br />
an important tool in the communications<br />
arena and any research towards<br />
further improving their value by<br />
enhancing their throughput or reducing<br />
the cost would add to the advantage.<br />
<br />
Lasers keep mini<br />
Helicopter hovering<br />
for hours<br />
Abhishek Kr. Sharma<br />
EC - II year<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
Seattle research and development<br />
company Laser Motive have succeeded<br />
in keeping a model helicopter<br />
hovering for six hours, powered only<br />
by the energy of a laser.<br />
Laser Measuring Instruments-<br />
METTLER TOLEDO measurement sensors<br />
to calculate length, widt h &<br />
height .<br />
In this type of Aeroplane there is<br />
no pilot because there is limited flying<br />
time. The operation time can b e increased<br />
if it is provided with fuel or<br />
batteries. Unmanned vehicles used by<br />
the military are strong and he avier<br />
than ultralights.<br />
The laser power model<br />
helicopter's weight is only 22grams.<br />
HOW IT WORKS<br />
The beam which will not damage<br />
eye track of the helicopter is illuminated<br />
by the photovoltaic cell s that<br />
generate electricity visible. The photo<br />
voltaic cells convert 50% of the laser<br />
power to electricity which provide few<br />
watts around the helicopter which is<br />
enough to keep the helicopter rotors<br />
spinning.<br />
APPLICATIONS<br />
Its application include delive ring<br />
emergency power in disaster situation<br />
and military use in remote rural communities.<br />
<br />
19 <strong>Electronics</strong> <strong>Spectra</strong>, 2010