Electronics Spectra - SMS Lucknow

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SMS Institute of Technology, L ucknow Department of Electronics & Co mmunication Common Admission Test (CAT) WHAT IS COMMON ADMISSION TEST? The common admission test (CAT) is an All India test conducted by the Indian Institutes of managemen t (IIMs) as an entrance exam for the management programmes of its 14 B (Business) schools. About 250,000 students took CAT 2008 for about 1500 seats in the IIMs more selective than the universities. The CAT is the first step for admission to the IIMs. After the test, by the second week of January next year, the IIMs declare exam sc ores and put up a list of candidates who are eligible for the next stag e of a group discussion for some IIMs & an individual interview. CAT 2009: The first ever computer based CAT conducted by prometric during 28th nov - 7th dec. Many other business Schools in India, other than IIMs, also accept the CAT scores for admission. This has contributed to the CAT gaining an extremely high popularity. As of 2008, CAT scores are accepted by approximately 120 MBA institutes in India. WHY CAT ? CAT is the only exam which provides entrance in the top B-sc hools of India inspite of IIMs. CAT also does not require any technical background like othe r exams required. It requires only 8th to 10tn class maths for its quantitative section. So, some of the points why we select CAT are : ‣ CAT is not about following rules, it is all about breaking the rules. ‣ CAT is not about rocket science, it is about the basics of life. ‣ CAT is not about taken tracks, it is about defining a new track. ‣ CAT is not about selecting answers, it is about eliminating the answer. HOW TO PREPARE FOR CAT? This is a very complex questio n that how we prepare for CAT. So, the answer is here. Many of us thought that CAT is a test of your managerial aptitu de & managerial skills like: ‣ Time management ‣ How would handle pressure & uncertainty. ‣ Decision making. Remember, CAT is not solving 150 questions in 120 minutes. It is about solving 90 to 95 questions with 85 to 90 % accuracy. Here are a few tips that would help to fetch you a call from the best B-schools in the country. TIP 1: HANDLE PRESSURE AND UNCERTAINTY WELL Handling pressure and uncertainty is a crucial element of CAT. This is a essential skill that a manager requires in his/her daily decision making process. The CAT examination spans 120 minutes, but if you are able to handle pressure in the first 15 and l ast 10 minutes, your chances to excel increase. Some points to help yo u at this stage are: 1. Have a flexible strategy. 2. Scan your question paper for the initial three to four minutes to locate easy questions. 3. Attempt your favourite section first. 4. Remember CAT is another name of uncertainty. TIP 2: SEQUENCE AND PRIORTISE YOUR MANTRAS FOR SUCCESS ‣ Deciding on the sequence in which you will attempt the various sections. ‣ Allocating an appropriate time for each section. ‣ Prioritizing questions within sections. For E.g.- your strategy before entering the examination hall should be- 1. Scanning : 3-4 minutes 2. Data Interpretation : 40 minutes 3. Verbal Ability : 40 minutes The section may interchange ac - cording to your favourite section. TIP 3: SOME SPECIFIC SECTION STRATEGIES- 1. Quantitative ability :- Attempt question in three rounds- Round 1: ‣ Attempt all one liners ‣ Attempt all two liners ‣ Attempt all four liners ‣ Attempt those questions in which data are given. Round 2: Come back to the left question s of Round 1. Under pressure, yo u might left some easy questions . Attempt them again. Round 3: Aman Kumar EC - III Year If time permits, attempt the lengthier questions of your favourite topics. But remember, it takes just 5 to 10 seconds to decide whether you should attempt or leave the question. 2. Verbal ability:- Most students attempt English usage or Reading and Comprehension part first. ‣ In Para jumbles, look out for structural & logical connectors. ‣ Before attempting Reading & Comprehension, scan the question once. ‣ Be careful in grammatical portion. 3. Data Interpretation / Data approximation:- ‣ Revise your percentages & approximation. ‣ Data sufficiency questions are independent of each other & should be attempted first. ‣ After data sufficiency questions, attempt single graph questions followed by the double graph questions. ‣ Questions based on logical games & logical tables should be attempt at last. COURCES OFFERED BY SOME TOP INDIAN B- SCHOOLS Courses offered @ IIM Bangalore; (Continued on Page 42) 40 Electronics Spectra, 2010
SMS Institute of Technology, L ucknow Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) INTRODUCTION AS we know landmines are very harmful for us. Landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) are a legacy of war, civil disobedience and guerilla activity. If all mines were cased or had substantial metallic content, all that would be required for det ection are metal detectors. The widespread use of plastic landmines necessitates development and deployment of additional detection technologie s. Because there is no such thing as a plastic detector, other sensors at tempt to exploit ancillary disturbances in the background, such as thermal, chemical, or dielectric. OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM Because of the difficulty dete cting the tiny amounts of metal in a plastic landmine with a metal dete ctor, technology development has bee n funded in other areas. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been used for nearly 70 years for a variety of geophysical subsurface imaging applications including utility mapping and hazardous waste container location and has been actively applied to the problem of landmine detection for nearly 20 years. When parameters such as frequency range, antenna size, antenna separation and system ti ming are optimized for detection of minesized objects in the near subsurface, GPR is quite effective in dete cting both metal and plastic landmines in a variety of soils. The depth of penetration is a function of both the frequency range produced and the soil attenuation. Lower frequency components penetrate further but it is a higherfrequency component that is ne cessary to image and resolve smaller targets. Both impulse- based and swept frequency GPR systems have bee n employed in Army-sponsored research programs. Generally a system with a bandwidth of roughly 1 to 4GHz is effective for detection of landmines. Ultimately GPR images the dielectric properties of the soils a nd any discontinuities appear as a signal. If soil were perfectly homogeneous, a discontinuity caused by a land mi ne Screen shot of host software f rom GEO-CENTERS would stand out as an anomaly against the background. Unfortunately, even under near-ideal test track conditions, soil itself is a remarkably in homogeneous medium and false alarms are easily generated from the background itself. Because of this, automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms employed by impulse-based GPR systems typically calculate and remove background and try to detect the h yperbolic signatures that are characteristic in size and shape of landmine targets in GEO-CENTERS 400 Series energy in focusing ground penetr ating radar (EFGPR), we employ a fuz zy logic-based algorithm that use prototypes, or feature sets, for landmines and prototypes than to clutter. HOW IT WORKS? An FR-127-MSCB impulse ground penetrating radar (ImGPR) syst em developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia, has been used for these measurements. T he system collects 127 returns or surroundings, per second each composed of 512 samples with 12 bit acc uracy. The sounding range may vary from 4 ns to 32ns. The GPR system uses bistatic bow-tie antennas which transmit wideband ultrashort durati on pulses. The measurements form a two dimensional matrix referred to as a radargram or B scan and A scan are used for visual inspection of data on Department of Electronics & Co mmunication B SCAN Priyanka Shukla EC - III year the acquisition computer and in laboratory analysis. A SCAN A scan is a method for detecting the presence and absence of surrogate mine in clay soil. The electromagnetic field is scattered by the GPR. Scattering pulses are detecting by the graph. This graph is Amplitude Vs Time. This graph is helpful to find the landmine and is used for visual inspection. B scan is a graph which is Tim e delay Vs Distance. So B scan helps to calculate the penetration length. This graph helps to calculate the distance from ground to the mine. ADVANTAGES ‣ GPR locates even small targets. ‣ GPR operates by detecting the dielectric soils which allows it to locate even no metallic mines. ‣ Biological sensors can only operate for limited periods but in GPR has no such limits. ‣ GPR has been tested in different environmental conditions. DISADVANTAGES ‣ The sensor such as GPR is larger and heavier. ‣ GPR is more power hungry. ‣ GPR can suffer falls alarm rates as high as metal detectors. 41 Electronics Spectra, 2010
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