Electronics Spectra - SMS Lucknow

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SMS Institute of Technology, L ucknow Department of Electronics & Co mmunication NN Power Planner Thyristor based intelligent mo tor controller Jaikar Sahai EC - III year INTRODUCTION NN Power Planner is a microcontroller controlled thy ristor based intelligent Motor Contro ller which provides a simple, effec tive, reliable & economical solution to the problems of an ac Induction Motor by constantly monitoring the effi ciency of the motor by utilizing powerful microcomputer & ensuring that the input power to the motor is matc hed exactly to the load as it changes. Even the slightest variation in the demand is sensed & NN Power Planner will respond by supplying full power to the motor if required in 100th of a second. This controlled releas e of power to the motor provides smooth & step less acceleration & dec eleration, also enabling more frequent starting & stopping. A soft start & soft stop facility incorporated in all NN Power Planner. 3 phase units ensure about 300 s tarts per day. Further, by eliminating high inrush current on start up, maximum demand is also considerably reduced. NN Power Planner has unrivalled ability to change the shape of the applied voltage waveform thus re duc- ing the impact of standing losses existing in all AC induction Motors. Once the motor has reached its full speed, the NN Power Planner optimizin g mode will search for the minim um power required ensuring the maximum continuous rating of the motor is matched exactly to the load it varies. Thus improving power factor & ensuring minimum running cost. In short NN Power Planner gives the motor an exact amount of power it needs to do the required job of work at any instant, no more no less. HOW NN POWER PLANNER WORKS In common with all soft start devices NN POWER PLANNER uses Thyristors to accurately control the voltage applied at the motor terminals. A characteristic of the Thyristor to switch rapidly from "OFF" to " ON" when pulsed, and to remain "ON" until the current through the device falls to zero at the end of each half cycle in the AC supply, is called self communication. By controlling the switch-on point relative to the voltage zero c rossing in each half cycle of the supply, it is possible to regulate the current flowing through the thyristor. The closer the turn on point is to the end of the cycle the smaller the value of current that will be allowed to flow. Conversely, the closer the turn-o n point is to the beginning of the cyc le the higher the value of current wi ll be. Using this principle and by connecting two Thyristor in anti-parallel to each of the phase connections to a motor NN Power Planner continuously adjusts the voltage to the motor terminals by precisely controlling the Thyristor turn-on points. This provides just sufficient voltage for the mot or to accelerate the load. So, for instance, by starting with a large delay to the turn on point in each half cycle, and progressively reducing it over a selected time period, the voltag e applied to the motor starts from a relatively low value and increases to full voltage. Due to the motor torq ue being proportional to the squa re of the applied voltage, the start ing torque increases in a step less manner ensuring a soft start for both the motor and the driven load. ENERGY SAVINGS When working at or near full load, the typical 3-phase induction motor is relatively efficient, achieving efficiencies of between 80% to 92%. Motor speeds cannot be varied, the optimization software in the NN Power Planner will produce ene rgy savings in lightly loaded motors. By detecting the load at any i n- stant, and adjusting the motor terminal voltage accordingly, it is possible to save some of the excitation energy and load loss, and improve motor Power Factor when the moto r is running Inefficiently at light loads. ENERGY OPTIMIZATION NN Power Planner has better and 36 Electronics Spectra, 2010
SMS Institute of Technology, L ucknow Department of Electronics & Co mmunication advanced programmed Microcontroller which always tries to deliver exact, matching amount of power to motor in 1/100th second, so that Mot or uninterruptly drives the given load with less POWER. NN Power Planner Guarantees ENERGY SAVING up to 9-10% on MOTORS running partly or on VARIABLE LOAD. It has also got the feature of dynamic backstop vo ltage control, which can be fine tuned from 67% LV to 100% LV for better EN- ERGY savings. APPLICATIONS NN Power Planner can be used on any application where motor's speed is constant and motor is runni ng on variable load or part load for most of its duty cycle. The best appli cations where NN Power Planner can be used are: 1- Injection Moulding Machines 2- Hydraulic Press 3- Suction Rod Pump Quantum computing Imagine a computer that calculates the data 10 times faster than the computer's processor, like Pentium-4 & core 2 duos, use now-a-days!! Scientists & researchers are trying for the development of such hi gh speed processors that work on the principle -: "Atoms are natural calculators”. On this basis, Quantum computers are developing in present date.Recen tly,a great physicist ,Prof Michael De Lyukin leading a team has got the success of first entanglement of quantum science between a solid state material and photon!!Prof.at Harvard university said that this achievement is the first step towards development of practic al quantum computers. Via the entanglement of photon & solid state material only th e solid state bits or qubits are able to communicate through a longer dist ance at a very fast pace.Digital computers use qubits for all specific operations. Scientists consider photons as the fastest medium for transmissio n of quantum information without an y loss. Seemingly with these technologies, our future would be embedded with turbo boost technology!!A t the Argonne National Laboratory, P aul Benioff is credited with first applying 4- Machine Tools 5- Grinders 6- Conveyors 7- Metal Cutters 8- Escalators 9- Crusher IN SUMMARY IT MEANS THAT NN POWER PLANNER WILL 1. Reduces the amount of Current quantum turning machine. This superposition of qubits gives to quantum computers their inherent parallelism. According to phys icist David Deutsch, this parallelism allows a quantum computer to work on a million computations at once. While our desktop pc works on one. A 30- Qubit quantum computer would b e equal the processing power of a conventional computer that could run at 10 teraflops(trillions of floating-point operations per second).Today's typical desktop computers run at s peed in gigaflops (billions of floating points operations per second). Problems and practicality issues (To get to quantum computers):- There are a number of practica l difficulties in building a quantum computer. David Di Vincenzo, of IBM, listed the following requirements for a practical quantum computer: ‣ Scalable physically to inverse the number of qubits. ‣ Qubits can be initiated to arbitrary values. ‣ Quantum gates faster than coherence time. ‣ Turing-complete gate set. ‣ Qubits can be read easily. To summarise the problem from the perspective of an engineer, one consumed by the motor to do its job of work. 2. Reduces the high starting and inrush current while starting. 3. Increases motor life by 50% to 70%. 4. By reducing maintenance costs and equipment down time improves motor and plant reliability. 5. It is suitable for a very wide range of applications. 6. Even to high efficiency motor, it not only provide superb contro l over the starting and stopping of the motor, furthermore it gives an additional saving in overall energy consumption by its dynamic control. 7. Its prices are extremely attractive and competitive. This device is currently in use and marketed by NN PROJECT LIMITED , a firm based in Gurgaon, Haryana. Siddhant Tripathi EC - II year needs to solve the challenge of building a system which is isolated from everything except the measurem ent and manipulation mechanism. Further more, one needs to be able to turn off the coupling of the qunits to the measurement so as to not DECO here the qubits while performing operations on them. QUBIT CONTROL Computer scientists control th e microscopic particles that act as qubits in quantum computers by using control devices. ‣ Ion traps use optical or magnetic fields (or Opt magnetic field) to trap ions. ‣ Optical traps use light waves to trap and control particles. ‣ Quantum dots are made of semiconductor material and are used to contain and manipulate elec - trons. ‣ Semiconductor impurities contain electrons by using unwanted atoms found in semiconductor material. ‣ Superconducting circuits allow electrons to flow with almost no resistance at low temperatures. 37 Electronics Spectra, 2010
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