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154 <strong>Zoological</strong> <strong>Studies</strong> 51(2): 150-159 (2012) by showing a compact edge at the boundary with disintegrated tissues of S. pistillata. This interaction was not prevalent throughout the entire Stylophora colony, because thick tissue threads derived from the sponge were also found to interact with the coral on different branches of the same colony (Fig. 3B). Under SEM examination, there was a 200-500-μm wide border without coral or sponge tissues between the 2 antagonists (Fig. 3C). When zooming into the Terpios front at the coral-interacting side, as shown in figure 3, many stinging nematocysts were found at the leading edge of Terpios tissues. Opposition against Terpios growth was also found in an extreme case during our field survey: 1 A. digitifera colony had maintained the same boundary with Terpios for more than a year with no advance or regression. Disintegration of coral tissues at the coral- Terpios border, even though very seldom, was also found. Taking G. edwardsi as an example, the coral tissue displayed disintegration and had disintegrated into filamentous residues along the border contacting Terpios (Fig. 4A). When examined at high magnification, the growth front of Terpios seemed to move forward by penetrating underneath the disintegrated coral tissue (Fig. (A) (B) (C) TF TF S CS CS SE WD5.7 mm 5.00 kV x120 250 μm SE WD5.8 mm 5.00 kV x1.0 k 50 μm Fig. 2. Terpios hoshinota displaying a compact edge and thick tissue threads at the growth front in an interaction with coral. (A) An example of Terpios infecting Platygyra ryukyuensis; (B, C) SEM examination of the growth front with a compact edge of the sponge found in (A), indicated by a white arrowhead, at different magnifications. Thick tissue threads from the sponge are marked by white arrows. CS, coral surface; S, spicules; TF, Terpios front.
Wang et al. – Coral-Terpios Interactions 155 (A) (B) (C) (D) TS TS N S DB SE CS WD33.1 mm 5.00 kV x30 1 mm SE WD34.1 mm 5.00 kV x300 100 μm Fig. 3. Coral displaying both disintegrated and comparatively normal tissues along the growth front of T. hoshinota on different branches of the same colony. (A, B) Example from Terpios infecting Stylophora pistillata which displays (A) disintegrated coral tissues and (B) comparatively normal coral tissues at the coral-sponge interface. (C, D) SEM examination of the coral-sponge interface with disintegrated coral tissues at different magnifications. Disintegrated coral tissue is marked by a white arrowhead, and thick tissue threads from the sponge are marked by white arrows. CS, coral surface; DB, dead coral boundary; N, nematocyst; S, spicules; TS, Terpios surface. (A) CS (B) NC TS TS NC SE WD20.8 mm 5.00 kV x35 1 mm SE S WD20.2 mm 5.00 kV x300 100 μm Fig. 4. SEM examination of the disintegration of Goniastrea edwardsi tissues at the growth front of T. hoshinota. (A, B) The same specimen at different magnifications; the white arrowhead indicates the growth direction of Terpios. CS, coral surface; NC, disintegrated coral tissue; S, spicules; TS, Terpios surface.
Page 1 and 2: ISSN: 1021-5506 Zoological Studies
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II. Title Page The title page shoul
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