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takes the consolation of his words to our soldiers. The
garments were rescued from the Marxist barbarity that
wanted to strip our saints in this way. Arakis, Workers’
writings, on boards, done by the Claretian prisoners.
Barbara Steiner, A sensational photograph, very little
known, of Republican Spain: no less than a mass in
Barcelona in 1938. The confidential letter of General
Torrent’s chaplain puts things in their place. The masses
of 1938 were no more than a concession by Dr Negrín
to the requests of the ‘Basque government in exile’
and propaganda with an eye to liberal Europe. But the
immediate protests by the extremist press left no room
for hope about the possibilities of public worship in
the Republican zone. None at all in 1938, as in 1936.
Bart de Baere, Church of Benasal, looted and
destroyed and, in the end, recovered. Carolyn Christov-
Bakargiev, Next to the hermitage of La Mare de Déu
del Lledó in 1938, amidst a pile of stones, the upper
part of a seventeenth-century reliquary image was
found. The municipal employee points out the exact
spot where it was discovered. Chiara Bertola, Father
Esteban Gómez, chaplain to the third regiment of
the Carlist militia operating on the Central Front, holds
a mass on campaign in the Cerro de Cabeza Fuerte,
on the front line of the Jarama sector, where one could
make out, before it was destroyed by the red militias,
a cross marking the road. Estrella de Diego, A graphic
testimony of exceptional documentary value: Queipo
de Llano’s troops were received by groups of women
bearing the image of the patron saint of the town.
Evelyne Jouanno, Deicide sadism. Piedralaves: The
head, the only thing left of an image of Jesus Christ,
placed by good souls in this form in token of memory
and reparation. Francesco Bonami, Un legionario di
Franco in ginocchio davanti alla Vergine di Malaga
dacapitata dalle truppe rosse. Guillermo Santamarina,
The parish church of San Pedro de Figueres was razed
to the ground. After theliberation, a mass was said
on the remains. Hans Ulrich Obrist, Exhibition of objects
of worship which the German Catholics sent to Spain
destined for the churches devastated by the reds,
in the Círculo de Bellas Artes in Madrid. Hou Hanru,
Tibidabo. Different aspects of the acts of reparation
of the Sacred Heart of Jesus once Barcelona had been
liberated by the Caudillo’s victorious troops. Isabel
Carlos, December 1937. Altar prepared for the Holy
Sacrifice in a secret apartment, far from the eyes of
the Marxists. Javier Hernando, Restitution to the
Virgin of Begoña of the jewels stolen from her by the
red-separatists. The Generalísimo’s wife presides over
the ceremony, with General López Pinto and other
personalities. John Peter Nillson, December 1937.
Tabernacle hidden at home. Lauri Firstenberg, In
token of redress, the new presbyter José María Torres,
going with his companions to the Church of Nules for
its First Mass after being sacked and destroyed. María
Inés Rodríguez, Alcoi. Parish church of the Nativity of
Our Lady or St Mary, being rebuilt after its destruction
by the Marxist hordes. Mark Nash, Robbery, sacrilege
and protest demonstration. The faithful gaze – the
photograph is the best evidence of their grief – at the
damage caused by the sacrilegious thieves. In Valencia
Cathedral savages tied a rope to the image of the
Virgin, which was venerated in a magnificent niche,
and threw it to the ground, wantonly destroying it and
seizing all the jewellery with which it was adorned:
35 rings, 5 bracelets and a necklace. A demonstration
by Catholic heads for the Civil Government. In all of
them there is a strong desire to exteriorise their protest
at the barbaric deed. Massimiliano Gioni, Apotheosic
welcome given to our soldiers, who are bearing the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, on their entrance into Santander.
Nadia Rollert, Although Guernica is the famous place,
in fact the nationalist bombings of Durango were more
insistent and deadlier, even if less spectacular. One
of them left numerous victims when a bomb fell on the
church while mass was being held; the priest officiating,
who can be seen in the foreground in the impressive
graphic document, was among the dead. The Basque
nationalist party paid public and private tribute to
their constitutive Catholicism and the Basque Country
was the exception – in terms of mass being held – in
the whole Republican zone. Octavio Zaya, The author
of this book taking the Holy Chalice from its wall in
the town of Carlet. Okwui Enwezor, The Easter Week
brotherhoods were used by the rebels to legitimise
themselves. Above, General Queipo de Llano presides
over the procession of the Great Power. Peio Aguirre,
Bilbao. Calvo Sotelo’s birthday. Sanctification of a
profaned square. Rafael Doctor Roncero, Agustín
Aznar takes his oath as national councillor of FET and
the JONS. Between the crucifix – confiscated from
profaners of the Republican army – that presides
over the table and the new Falangist hierarch we can
see the head, like an untimely witness, of the gigantic
ambassador of Hitler’s Germany in Franco’s Spain.
Rosa Martínez, 5 August 1936, General Queipo de Llano’s
troops entered El Pedroso. One of their first actions
was to prevent the Virgin of the Thorn from suffering
damage in a small fire that was extinguished. The
young Falangist holding the image is Manuel Vázquez
Alcaide ‘Pechohierro’, who a few days afterwards
was General Franco’s escort in Seville. Sandra Antelo
Suarez, Indiscriminate religious persecution, the open
confrontation between Marxism and the church from
the first day of the Republic in Seville, was a constant
between 1931 and 1936, especially during the Popular
Front. Once the war broke out, the explosion of antireligious
hate was impressive, of a primitive cruelty.
In the image, Broken Christ from the Museo del
Requeté. Suzanne Ghez, Prayers for the fallen. Altar
of reparation at the Alcázar in Toledo. Thelma Goleen,
General Queipo de Llano poses with the brothers of
La Macarena with their float in the background. Behind
the general is the division auditor who, when he became
a general in his turn, would preside over the popular
brotherhood for years. Ute Meta Bauer, 20-9-1939.
Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. In the Alcalá de Henares
reformatory 300 prisoners are working out their sentence.
In the image, some of them are making wooden
crosses, in high demand by industrialists, in a section
of the carpentry workshop. Víctor del Río, On guard
in front of the plundered church. Víctor Zamudio Taylor,
Comrades of the Artistic Recovery Service smiling in
their joy at the monstrance and other objects of worship
that have been rescued. Viktor Misiano, The 1919
Maura government persuaded the sincerely Catholic
but not at all pro-Vatican King Alfonso XIII to officially
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