jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in ukraine

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ecognized as a Jewish style by the late 19 th century. In present-day Ukraine, the most effusive example of the Moorish style can be seen in the 1904 synagogue at Uzhhorod. As part of Austro-Hungary until 1920, it reflects the cultural and architectural trends that emanated from Vienna and Budapest. The synagogue was under restoration in the mid 1990s. 32 III.3 Other Jewish Communal and Cultural Sites Throughout Ukraine, hundreds of other buildings and sites associated with the Jewish past can be found. These include former school buildings, hospitals, old age homes, theaters, and residential, commercial, and industrial buildings that were owned or used by Jews. The inventory and description of these sites has not been part of this survey. Other efforts, however, especially those of the World Jewish Restitution Organization (WJRO), have attempted to compile lists of former Jewish properties and cultural resources. It would be a formidable task to compile a complete inventory of all types of buildings and sites associated with Jewish culture and history. In many communities, the situation is similar to that of Kyiv. There wealthy Jewish businessmen were responsible for the erection of scores of buildings not associated with Jewish religious practice. In Kyiv, in addition to the Brodsky Synagogue, Lazar Brodsky and other wealthy Jews financed the erection of the Besarbka Market – the first covered market place in Kyiv. They also financed the construction of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, the Solovtzov Theater, and the Troitskyj House and helped to finance the sewer system and the electric tram system. 33 Throughout Ukraine, historical development of shtetls essentially stopped due to state efforts of unification and standardization of small towns. This process began in the first years of Communist rule. The social, political, and economic movement caused the virtually complete annihilation of the unique architectural and urban characteristics of Jewish settlements. Some towns, however, still have distinct districts of older buildings that recall the specifics of Jewish settlements. For example, Sharhorod, Stara Ushytsia, Bershad, Murafa (Pishchanka), and Tulchyn still conserve some aspects of their earlier appearance. Some scholars, such as Alla Sokilova, have been studying the architecture of these settlements. There are no specific efforts, however, to preserve the physical traces of this vanished past. 32 On the history of Uzhhorod (Hungarian: Ungvar) see Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 16, 41-42. For photos of the synagogue see Miriam Weiner, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories (New York: YIVO and Routes to Roots Foundation, 1999), 250-53. 33 These buildings are illustrated on-line at http://www.mindspring.com/~snake76/frames/babi_yar.html. 29
Fig. 20. Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 Fig. 21. Rivne (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue, now Jewish Cultural Center. Photo: Jonathan Finley 2/1996 30
Page 1 and 2: JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, AND
Page 3 and 4: May 30, 2005 Message from the Chair
Page 5 and 6: APPENDIX VI: LIST OF USEFUL CONTACT
Page 7 and 8: Additional thanks go to many indivi
Page 9 and 10: Map of Ukraine and Oblasts (Regions
Page 11 and 12: The condition of the sites surveyed
Page 13 and 14: More localized efforts have also ar
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1. Kamjanka-Buzka (Lvivska obl
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 4. Busk (Lvivska oblast), Ukra
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 8. Brody (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 12. Sadhora (Chernivetska obla
Page 23 and 24: (Lviv square). Unfortunately, there
Page 25 and 26: Many of the most important Jewish t
Page 27 and 28: communal property, the elimination
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 14. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 31 and 32: looking to restore historic synagog
Page 33 and 34: Of great concern is the continuing
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 18. Lviv (Lvivska), Ukraine. N
Page 37: The wooden synagogues of Poland (in
Page 41 and 42: inadvertent defilement of some reli
Page 43 and 44: III.4 (b) Types of Gravestones and
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 22. Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast
Page 47 and 48: IV.2 Ukrainian Jewish Sites Under C
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 26. Rava-Ruska (Lvivska oblast
Page 51 and 52: cemetery sites. Thus, many Jewish c
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 28. Lutsk (Volynska oblast), U
Page 55 and 56: IV.3 (b) Legal and Political Initia
Page 57 and 58: cooperation with the Kalusher Socie
Page 59 and 60: ‣ Cemeteries with no in situ grav
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 63 and 64: Commission, which raised half of th
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 36. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast)
Page 67 and 68: neither has been vandalized. At eac
Page 69 and 70: Fig. 38. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast)
Page 71 and 72: IV.5 Synagogues Since the end of Co
Page 73 and 74: In 1926, the Soviet authorities clo
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 42. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast),
Page 77 and 78: V. AUDIENCE V.1 The Return Home Who
Page 79 and 80: Such a peaceful, beautiful place! T
Page 81 and 82: Fig. 45. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska ob
Page 83 and 84: VI. ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION 72 As
Page 85 and 86: The example of the Czech Republic i
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 49. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska obl
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D Danylovo (Zakarpatska) Dashiv (Vi
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Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska) Meleny (Zh
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Storozhynets (Chernivetska) Strusiv
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Zinkiv (Poltavska) Znamianka (Kirov
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Oblast (Region) Town Name of Synago
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Commission Survey Number Oblast (Re
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Kamin Kashyrskyj (Volynska ). Black
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Starokostiantyniv (Khmelnytska). La
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Association of Jewish Organizations
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ARCHIVES, LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS, AND O
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Bershad Address: Jakira Str. 4-47 2
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Iziaslav Address: Nezalezhnosti Str
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Kremenchuk Address: Kvartalna Str.
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Pavlovhrad Address: Poltavska Str.
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Svitlovodsk Address: V. Bojka 10 27
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Appendix VII: The Survey Form Surve
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I. The Town: Present Circumstances
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IV. Location, Markers, Access, Secu
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40. Approximate percentage of survi
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50. Inscriptions on tombstones are
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60. What care has been taken of the
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XI. Survey Background 74. Name, add
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3. Each Party will ensure that ther
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Appendix IX: List of Illustrations
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34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine.
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jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in ukraine

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