jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in ukraine

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Acknowledgements Most of the work on this report and the survey that it reports on was done by the Commission’s Research Director, Samuel D. Gruber. His efforts were supplemented by Executive Director Jeffrey L. Farrow, Program Manager Katrina A. Krzysztofiak, and Administrative Officer Patricia Hoglund, all under the direction of Chairman Warren L. Miller. Many members of the Commission have taken a deep interest in this project and in related issues concerning the state of Jewish sites in Ukraine. Rabbis Zvi Kestenbaum and Chaskel Besser and Irving Stolberg deserve special mention. Thanks go to the staff of the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv, including former Ambassador Steven Karl Pifer, and the Ukraine Desk at the U.S. State Department, especially former Officer Nicholas Greanias. The World Monuments Fund (WMF), which co-sponsored the survey during its first two years of field work provided support that should also be acknowledged. Special thanks go to WMF President Bonnie Burnham and to Ambassador Ronald S. Lauder, Chairman of WMF’s Jewish Heritage Council (now Jewish Heritage Program). This report could not have succeeded without critical support at several stages from Ambassador Lauder and from the foundation that bears his name. The Richard and Rachel Goldman Fund also provided much appreciated project support during the first phase of field work. To prepare this survey, visits to Jewish sites throughout the country took place over a period of almost five years, beginning in 1995. The work was conducted by the Jewish Preservation Committee of Ukraine (JPCU) led by Jed Sunden, Yulia Shvartz Zevelev, Dmitry Surovtsev, and Yuliy Lifshits, who all moved the project forward at different times. Eleonora Evgenievna Sokilova served as JPCU Survey Coordinator for Kyiv and the regions of Chernihiv, Poltava, and Vinnytsia. More than a dozen individuals throughout Ukraine worked as members of the JPCU survey team to locate hundreds of cemeteries and mass grave sites, many unvisited for years. This dedicated group of field researchers includes Sergei Aberman, Iosif Gelston, Yuri Hodorkovsky, Moisey Davidovich Kirzhner, Michael Kirzhner, Leonid Kogan, Vladimir Moiseevich Oks, Mark Shevelev, Vladimir Trofimovich Tsyauk, and Aleksandr Zevelev. The results of this survey could not be presented in this form without the assistance of John Meltzer and Eric Anderson of the Jewish Heritage Research Center in Syracuse, who have spent many hours analyzing and inputting data. Eric Anderson especially is responsible for collating much of the material into table form and for helping to edit and collate the final report. His assistance was essential. Rahel Elmer Reger helped prepare the final transcript for publication. In Kyiv, the survey could not have been carried out without the participation of Yaakov Dov Bleich, Chief Rabbi of Kyiv and Ukraine. Thanks also to Rabbis Shlomo Breuer of Berdychiv, Shlomo Wilhelm of Zhytomyr, and Mordechai Bold of Lviv who also provided information. i
Additional thanks go to many individuals in Ukraine involved in the documentation, protection, and preservation of Jewish heritage in that country who also shared information. Special thanks go to Meylakh Sheykhet, who has shared his knowledge of the Jewish sites of the western Ukraine, and has provided valuable insight regarding the needs of specific cemeteries and Ukrainian Jewish cemeteries in general. Jewish genealogists and other researchers the world over have also generously provided information and photographs of many sites that have augmented the findings of the JPCU. Miriam Weiner, whose many years of work searching out archival sources for Jewish roots in Ukraine was particularly helpful, and her monumental book, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories, was an important source during the final phases of the survey and writing work. Others who have provided useful information include Chaim Fischer, Rabbi Abraham J. Heschel on Strusiv, Ronald Kushner for information about Kremenchuk, Frank J. Jacobowitz for photographs of Rava-Ruska, Esfir Kaganovsky for Zhytomyr, Maria Lerner for Brailiv, Rabbi Abraham Marmorstein, Clifford Rees, and Raymond Guggenheim for information regarding Sadhora, Abe and Sally Magid for information about Uzhhorod, Neil Rosenstein, and Benjamin Solomowitz for material related to Brody, Sue Talansky for information about Kamianka-Buzka, and Rabbi Joseph Weber on Khust. Thanks also to Eleonora Bergman of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, Arnold Berke of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, Prof. Zvi Gitelman of the University of Michigan, Prof. Celia Heller, architectural historians Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, and Prof. Harry Reicher of Agudath Israel. The survey form used in this project was developed in consultation with Phyllis Myers and others during previous country surveys. Many discussions with Phyllis Myers also helped define some of the issues addressed in this report, especially in the section enumerating issues for further consideration. The dedication and hard work of the International Association Jewish Genealogy Societies and their Cemetery Project, founded by Arlene and Sid Sachs, is also acknowledged. ii
Page 1 and 2: JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, AND
Page 3 and 4: May 30, 2005 Message from the Chair
Page 5: APPENDIX VI: LIST OF USEFUL CONTACT
Page 9 and 10: Map of Ukraine and Oblasts (Regions
Page 11 and 12: The condition of the sites surveyed
Page 13 and 14: More localized efforts have also ar
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1. Kamjanka-Buzka (Lvivska obl
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 4. Busk (Lvivska oblast), Ukra
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 8. Brody (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 12. Sadhora (Chernivetska obla
Page 23 and 24: (Lviv square). Unfortunately, there
Page 25 and 26: Many of the most important Jewish t
Page 27 and 28: communal property, the elimination
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 14. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 31 and 32: looking to restore historic synagog
Page 33 and 34: Of great concern is the continuing
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 18. Lviv (Lvivska), Ukraine. N
Page 37 and 38: The wooden synagogues of Poland (in
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 20. Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast),
Page 41 and 42: inadvertent defilement of some reli
Page 43 and 44: III.4 (b) Types of Gravestones and
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 22. Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast
Page 47 and 48: IV.2 Ukrainian Jewish Sites Under C
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 26. Rava-Ruska (Lvivska oblast
Page 51 and 52: cemetery sites. Thus, many Jewish c
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 28. Lutsk (Volynska oblast), U
Page 55 and 56: IV.3 (b) Legal and Political Initia
Page 57 and 58:
cooperation with the Kalusher Socie
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‣ Cemeteries with no in situ grav
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Fig. 34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 63 and 64:
Commission, which raised half of th
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Fig. 36. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast)
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neither has been vandalized. At eac
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Fig. 38. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast)
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IV.5 Synagogues Since the end of Co
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In 1926, the Soviet authorities clo
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Fig. 42. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast),
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V. AUDIENCE V.1 The Return Home Who
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Such a peaceful, beautiful place! T
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Fig. 45. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska ob
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VI. ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION 72 As
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The example of the Czech Republic i
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Fig. 49. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska obl
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D Danylovo (Zakarpatska) Dashiv (Vi
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Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska) Meleny (Zh
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Storozhynets (Chernivetska) Strusiv
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Zinkiv (Poltavska) Znamianka (Kirov
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Oblast (Region) Town Name of Synago
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Commission Survey Number Oblast (Re
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Kamin Kashyrskyj (Volynska ). Black
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Starokostiantyniv (Khmelnytska). La
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Association of Jewish Organizations
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ARCHIVES, LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS, AND O
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Bershad Address: Jakira Str. 4-47 2
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Iziaslav Address: Nezalezhnosti Str
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Kremenchuk Address: Kvartalna Str.
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Pavlovhrad Address: Poltavska Str.
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Svitlovodsk Address: V. Bojka 10 27
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Appendix VII: The Survey Form Surve
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I. The Town: Present Circumstances
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IV. Location, Markers, Access, Secu
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40. Approximate percentage of survi
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50. Inscriptions on tombstones are
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60. What care has been taken of the
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XI. Survey Background 74. Name, add
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3. Each Party will ensure that ther
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Appendix IX: List of Illustrations
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34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine.
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