jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in ukraine

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Fig. 30. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Half-built garage on periphery of Jewish cemetery – construction halted. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 Fig. 31. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Garages built on land believed to be part of Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 45
IV.3 (b) Legal and Political Initiatives for Cemetery Preservation Most efforts at restoring cemeteries, including clearing and fencing, have been substantially financed with contributions from abroad – normally from individuals with personal associations to the place or from religious groups, including Hasidic groups, that have special reverence for the cemetery or for individuals buried there. The Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Ukraine on the Protection and Preservation of Cultural Heritage signed in 1994 has helped individuals and international organizations initiate cemetery repair and restoration efforts. The 1998 Government of Ukraine decree and 2003 law have given some relief from the fear of development of cemetery sites. The result of these efforts is an increasing number of sites throughout Ukraine that receive care. The work is always difficult. Obtaining agreement on boundaries, permission for construction, and adequate materials can stretch out some projects for years. A body of legal rulings is gradually making recognition of cemetery boundaries a little easier, though local authorities often still remain reluctant to cede power to the courts and to the national government. Even when boundaries are legally established in the courts, local authorities sometimes continue with construction plans, such as at Volodymyr-Volynskyj. In June 1998, a Ukrainian arbitration court handed down an important decision that will affect the future of Jewish cemeteries throughout the country. In a case brought by Meylakh Sheykhet, the Arbitration Court of the Ivano-Frankivsk region ruled that the local Jewish community could fence the Jewish cemetery in Nadvirna (located in South-Western Ukraine) according to its historic boundaries. The decision was based on a protocol signed by Mr. Mykhajlo Vyshyvaniuk, the regional appointee of the president of Ukraine. “Buried people should rest in a cemetery in peace, regardless of who they are. This is a very important principle in building a democratic society,” Mr. Vyshyvaniuk explained. This decision will help ensure that the Nadvirna cemetery, where approximately 10,000 Jews are buried individually along with a mass grave holding the remains of 6,000 others, will not be destroyed. The Nadvirna administration had already constructed sewage lines through the cemetery, and plans were being made to build a road on top of it. Sheykhet called the ruling, “The first positive decision in Ukraine for the preservation of Jewish cemeteries.” It remains to be seen if this 1998 decision will set a precedent for similar rulings. Some indications are positive: In October 2000, Sheykhet was able to get certification of the boundaries of the large cemetery in Brody, something he had sought for several years to achieve. After initial resistance, the town mayor has now vowed to support the project to clean and fully fence the cemetery based on the incontrovertible evidence of the pre-Second World War boundaries. This work is now nearing completion with funds raised by the Commission. Another agreement has been reached regarding the cemetery in Strusiv (Ternopilska oblast). Rabbi Abraham Heschel, son of the late Grand Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Heschel of Kopychyntsi and Grand Rabbi Nochum Dov Brayer, head of the Boyaner Hasidic group, have begun efforts to reclaim a cemetery now used as a cow pasture. With the aid of Rabbi Israel Meir Gabbai, they have negotiated an agreement with the town’s mayor to allow the erection of a monument and a permanent steel fence around the site. Approximately $10,000 was needed for the work. 46
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JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, AND
Page 3 and 4: May 30, 2005 Message from the Chair
Page 5 and 6: APPENDIX VI: LIST OF USEFUL CONTACT
Page 7 and 8: Additional thanks go to many indivi
Page 9 and 10: Map of Ukraine and Oblasts (Regions
Page 11 and 12: The condition of the sites surveyed
Page 13 and 14: More localized efforts have also ar
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1. Kamjanka-Buzka (Lvivska obl
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 4. Busk (Lvivska oblast), Ukra
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 8. Brody (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 12. Sadhora (Chernivetska obla
Page 23 and 24: (Lviv square). Unfortunately, there
Page 25 and 26: Many of the most important Jewish t
Page 27 and 28: communal property, the elimination
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 14. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 31 and 32: looking to restore historic synagog
Page 33 and 34: Of great concern is the continuing
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 18. Lviv (Lvivska), Ukraine. N
Page 37 and 38: The wooden synagogues of Poland (in
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 20. Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast),
Page 41 and 42: inadvertent defilement of some reli
Page 43 and 44: III.4 (b) Types of Gravestones and
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 22. Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast
Page 47 and 48: IV.2 Ukrainian Jewish Sites Under C
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 26. Rava-Ruska (Lvivska oblast
Page 51 and 52: cemetery sites. Thus, many Jewish c
Page 53: Fig. 28. Lutsk (Volynska oblast), U
Page 57 and 58: cooperation with the Kalusher Socie
Page 59 and 60: ‣ Cemeteries with no in situ grav
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukr
Page 63 and 64: Commission, which raised half of th
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 36. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast)
Page 67 and 68: neither has been vandalized. At eac
Page 69 and 70: Fig. 38. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast)
Page 71 and 72: IV.5 Synagogues Since the end of Co
Page 73 and 74: In 1926, the Soviet authorities clo
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 42. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast),
Page 77 and 78: V. AUDIENCE V.1 The Return Home Who
Page 79 and 80: Such a peaceful, beautiful place! T
Page 81 and 82: Fig. 45. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska ob
Page 83 and 84: VI. ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION 72 As
Page 85 and 86: The example of the Czech Republic i
Page 87 and 88: Fig. 49. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska obl
Page 89 and 90: D Danylovo (Zakarpatska) Dashiv (Vi
Page 91 and 92: Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska) Meleny (Zh
Page 93 and 94: Storozhynets (Chernivetska) Strusiv
Page 95 and 96: Zinkiv (Poltavska) Znamianka (Kirov
Page 97 and 98: Oblast (Region) Town Name of Synago
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Oblast (Region) Town Name of Synago
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Commission Survey Number Oblast (Re
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Kamin Kashyrskyj (Volynska ). Black
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Starokostiantyniv (Khmelnytska). La
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Association of Jewish Organizations
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ARCHIVES, LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS, AND O
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Bershad Address: Jakira Str. 4-47 2
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Iziaslav Address: Nezalezhnosti Str
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Kremenchuk Address: Kvartalna Str.
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Pavlovhrad Address: Poltavska Str.
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Svitlovodsk Address: V. Bojka 10 27
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix VII: The Survey Form Surve
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I. The Town: Present Circumstances
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IV. Location, Markers, Access, Secu
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40. Approximate percentage of survi
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50. Inscriptions on tombstones are
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60. What care has been taken of the
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XI. Survey Background 74. Name, add
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3. Each Party will ensure that ther
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Appendix IX: List of Illustrations
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34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine.
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jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in ukraine

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