“A Stitch in Time...”

Therefore, it is strongly recommended that records of periodic tests be kept,
because persistent downward trends in insulation resistance usually give fair
warning of impending trouble, even though the actual values may be higher
than the suggested minimum safe values.
Conversely, allowances must be made for equipment in service showing
periodic test values lower than the suggested minimum safe values, so
long as the values remain stable or consistent. In such cases, after due
consideration has been given to temperature and humidity conditions at the
time of test, there may be no need for concern. This condition may be caused
by uniformly distributed leakages of a harmless nature, and may not be the
result of a dangerous localized weakness.
Here again, records of insulation resistance tests over a period of time reveal
changes which may justify investigation. The trend of the curve may be more
significant than the numerical values themselves.
The One-Megohm Rule
For many years one megohm has been widely used as a fair allowable lower
limit for insulation resistance of ordinary industrial electrical equipment
rated up to 1000 volts, and is still recommended for those who may not be
too familiar with insulation resistance testing practices, or who may not wish
to approach the problem from a more technical point of view.
For equipment rated above 1000 volts the one megohm rule is usually
stated as a minimum of one megohm per thousand volts. Although this
rule is somewhat arbitrary, and may be criticized as lacking an engineering
foundation, it has stood the test of a good many years of practical
experience. It gives some assurance that equipment is not too wet or dirty
and has saved many an unnecessary breakdown.
More recent studies of the problem, however, have resulted in formulas
for minimum values of insulation resistance that are based on the kind of
insulating material used and the electrical and physical dimensions of the
types of equipment under consideration.
A STITCH IN TIME 37