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4.2.3 TSS Reduction Efficiency of Silt Fences ................................................ 27 4.2.4 Turbidity Reduction Efficiency of Silt Fences........................................ 30 4.2.5 Observations of Silt Fence Performance................................................. 30 4.3 Field Monitoring of a Rock Berm ....................................................................... 31 4.3.1 TSS Reduction Efficiency of Rock Berms.............................................. 32 5. LABORATORY TESTS OF SILT FENCES AND A ROCK BERM................ 35 5.1 Flume Tests ......................................................................................................... 35 5.1.1 Flume and Bulk Water Delivery System................................................. 35 5.1.2 The Soil and Suspended Solids Slurry .................................................... 37 5.1.3 Sampling and Monitoring........................................................................ 40 5.1.4 Base Efficiency of Testing Apparatus..................................................... 40 5.1.5 Description of Tested Controls ............................................................... 41 5.1.6 Hydraulic Behavior of Sediment Controls in the Flume......................... 42 5.1.7 Determining Detention Times for Flume Tests....................................... 44 5.1.8 TSS Removal Efficiency......................................................................... 45 5.1.9 Effects of Sediment Clogging and Rainfall Washing ............................. 47 5.2 Permeameter Tests .............................................................................................. 48 5.2.1 Methodology ........................................................................................... 48 5.2.2 Results of Permeameter Tests ................................................................. 50 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................ 53 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 57 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... 61 viii
LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page 3.1 Location of Inventoried Sites ........................................................................... 20 3.2 Fractions of Total Study Area Drained by Control Types................................ 23 3.3 Fraction of Each Site Drained by Control Type............................................... 23 4.1 Plan View of Outfall 2 Rock Berm and Sampling Equipment......................... 32 4.2 TSS Concentration of Samples Above and Below Rock Berm ....................... 33 5.1 Flume and Testing Apparatus........................................................................... 36 5.2 Influent Particle Size Distribution.................................................................... 38 5.3 Section of Flume and Rock Berm Cross-Section............................................. 42 5.4 Volumetric Changes in Runoff Trapped Upstream of Silt Fence .................... 43 5.5 Observed Levels During a Flume Test and the Extrapolated Time for Complete Drainage ..................................................................................... 45 5.6 TSS Removal Efficiency as a Function of Detention Time ............................. 46 5.7 Detention Times as a Function of Testing Schedule........................................ 47 5.8 Modified Soil Permeameter ............................................................................. 49 5.9 Flow vs. Head for Belton Woven Fabric (not vacuumed)................................ 51 ix
Page 1: CRWR Online Report 95-6 AN EVALUATI
Page 5: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was s
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 2.1
Page 13 and 14: and reduce construction duration (G
Page 15 and 16: 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introducti
Page 17 and 18: are characterized by lower permeabi
Page 19 and 20: size and is the estimated largest p
Page 21 and 22: corrected to a viscosity at 20 o C
Page 23 and 24: Influent samples from each of the t
Page 25 and 26: emaining 10% ranged from 15 to 50
Page 27 and 28: Much less research has been directe
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3.1 Location of Inventoried
Page 31 and 32: Table 3.2 Costs of Temporary Contro
Page 33 and 34: The inventory data indicate that si
Page 35 and 36: nature of construction activities r
Page 37 and 38: the discharge was 1542 mg/L, with a
Page 39 and 40: emained in suspension and were able
Page 41 and 42: Effluent Sampling Location Rock Ber
Page 43 and 44: 5. LABORATORY TESTS OF SILT FENCES
Page 45 and 46: along with runoff from the flume. T
Page 47 and 48: Table 5.3 Grain sizes, Gradation, R
Page 49 and 50: phenomenon is similar to sediment-l
Page 51 and 52: w A S h 1 Silt Fence Figure 5.4 Vol
Page 53 and 54: Many of the tests ended after 48 ho
Page 55 and 56: observation demonstrates that field
Page 57 and 58: The permeameter initially was set u
Page 59 and 60:
Flow per Area, cm/s 40 30 20 10 0 y
Page 61 and 62:
6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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topping. Knowledge of the performan
Page 65 and 66:
Das, B. M., 1985, “Principles of
Page 67:
Soil Conservation Service (SCS), 19
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Sample Descriptions Samples T1-T30
Page 73 and 74:
Samples T109-T122 Although samples
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individual analyses of samples T1-T
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2 6 7 4 1 Fort McGrude Bannister Ln
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N T6 W W W W W W W W W W W T7 T5 T8
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LEGEND: -W- -NW- T18 Water Boundary
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T34 T38 NW NW NW NW T39 NW NW NW NW
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T49 T50 T53 T54 T58 W T55 W W W W T
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T75 W W W LEGEND: -W- -NW- T18 Wate
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N T105 T106 T107 T108 T97 T98 T101
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T117 N LEGEND: T118 -W- -NW- T18 Wa
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APPENDIX B - RESULTS OF SAMPLE ANAL
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SAMPLE DATE TIME DESCRIPTOR SITE TS
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T64 4/7/93 10:55AM UPSTREAM C 6 NIA
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Table B2. Results of Particle Size
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Table B4. Silt Fence Turbidity Redu
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Total Suspended Solids The analysis
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APPENDIX D - CATALOG OF FLUME TESTS
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Test number: 1 Influent Samples : D
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Test number: 11 Influent Samples :
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
132
Page 141 and 142:
Amoco woven d = #20 sieve d = 8.50E
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70 60 Flow per Area, cm/s 50 40 30
Page 145 and 146:
APPENDIX F - BASE EFFICIENCY TEST 1
Page 147 and 148:
Date = 9/17/94 Influent Samples: St
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