title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Figure 1.2 Simplified geologic and structural map, and cross-section of (a) the Himalaya, modified after Yin (2006) and Hintersberger et al. (2010), and (b) and (c), the upper Karnali valley and surrounding regions, modified after Murphy and Copeland (2005), Robinson et al. (2006) and Yakymchuk and Godin (2012). Abbreviations: AD - Ama Drime Massif, CG – Chuwa granite, GM - Gurla Mandhata gneiss dome, GMH – Gurla Mandhata-Humla fault, IYSZ - Indus- Yalu suture zone, KF - Karakorum fault, KJO - Kiogar-Jungbwa ophiolitic and mantle-type rocks, LP - Leo Pargil gneiss dome, MBT - Main Boundary thrust, MCT - Main Central thrust, MFT - Main Frontal thrust, STDS - South Tibetan detachment system, TG - Thakkhola graben. 3
1.2 Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen The majority of southern Tibet and the northern Himalaya comprise the Tethyan sedimentary sequence (TSS), a wedge of Cambrian to Eocene supracrustal sedimentary strata deposited on the northern margin of the Indian craton (Gansser, 1964; Garzanti, 1999). These sedimentary rocks accommodated crustal shortening and were metamorphosed at low grades from the onset of collision through to the late Oligocene/early Miocene (Godin, 2003; Murphy and Yin, 2003). Significant thickening of the TSS occurred during Eohimalayan deformation from roughly 45 to 32 Ma, accompanied by metamorphism at high pressure and moderate temperature conditions (Hodges and Silverberg, 1988; Godin et al., 1999, 2001; Aikman et al., 2008; Kellett and Godin, 2009; Carosi et al., 2010). Laterally throughout the orogen, the Greater Himalayan sequence (GHS) typically crops out south of the TSS. The GHS is the high metamorphic grade and anatectic core of the Himalaya bounded on its base by the Main Central Thrust (MCT), a south-verging thrust fault, and on its upper surface by the South Tibetan detachment system (STDS), a low-angle top-to-the-north normal fault (Fig. 1.2; Burchfiel and Royden, 1985; Burchiel et al., 1992; Hodges, 2000). Neohimalayan metamorphism is recorded throughout the GHS from early to middle Miocene (Vannay and Hodges, 1996; Godin et al., 2001; Searle and Szulc, 2005; Cottle et al., 2009b), and is characterized by extensive anatexis and synchronous motion along the STDS and MCT (see Godin et al., 2006b for review). This metamorphism is contemporaneous with isothermal decompression of the GHS and south-directed extrusion during early to middle Miocene (Vannay and Hodges, 1996; Harris et al., 2004). These relationships prompted the development of a channel-flow model to explain the process through which the GHS was extruded (Nelson et al., 4
Page 1 and 2: FROM CESSATION OF SOUTH-DIRECTED MI
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Field mapping and, structu
Page 5 and 6: Co-Authorship This thesis is my own
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Abstract ........
Page 9 and 10: 4.1 Introduction ..................
Page 11 and 12: Figure 4.3 Microscale CPO variabili
Page 13 and 14: Abbreviations Mineral Biotite Calci
Page 15: Figure 1.1 Color relief map of the
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.3 Structures in the Himala
Page 21 and 22: the various models. However, this a
Page 23 and 24: of shear (Murphy and Copeland, 2005
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 4 outlines proposed future
Page 27 and 28: indicated by symmetric high-tempera
Page 29 and 30: The second phase of middle Miocene
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 Geologic Setting 2.3.1 Himalaya
Page 33 and 34: 2.4 Geology of the upper Karnali Va
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2.3 Lithotectonic map and si
Page 38 and 39: the main shear zone fabric. The lit
Page 40 and 41: South of the interface, the TSS is
Page 42 and 43: WNW Figure 2.6 Representative struc
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.7 Representative structure
Page 46 and 47: distribution of dextral and sinistr
Page 48 and 49: al., 1986; Mainprice et al., 1986).
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2.9 Summary of CPO post-acqu
Page 52: a c a c Figure 2.10 Summary of quar
Page 56 and 57: Sample HK131A is a high-strain quar
Page 58 and 59: constriction, where rhomb slip domi
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Page 62 and 63: Figure 2.14 (a) Photomicrograph of
Page 64 and 65: Figure 2.15 Summary of lithotectoni
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elationships, these data constrain
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primary reference material, “4409
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Figure 2.16 - continued. 57
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monazite grains are aligned paralle
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Analysis Position Pb U Th Th/U 207
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Analysis Position HK117A Pb U Th Th
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are derived from intensely deformed
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Samples KH10, HK102a, HK105, HK115,
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the intralaboratory standard (MAC-8
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Figure 2.18 - continued. 76
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espectively. Note that the plateaus
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Figure 2.19 Plots of muscovite cool
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Figure 2.20 Summary of results from
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(2) Previously published chronologi
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Figs. 2.7b,d, 2.15) is locally over
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Thermochronology of muscovite grain
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Figure 2.21 - continued - Box (3) r
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92 Figure 2.22 (a) Location of stud
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is little data to support both afor
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Figure 2.23 Numerical model of modi
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The second phase is associated with
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yr Figure 3.1 Numerical model of Co
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phenomena are consistent with ongoi
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towards the topographic front of th
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Chapter 4 Microstructural analyses:
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a c a c Figure 4.1 Summary of quart
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Figure 4.2 Results of study by Toy
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factors on the formation of differe
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1987; Simpson and De Paor, 1993, 19
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2009). Furthermore, there is rising
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Figure 4.5 Simplified set up of ana
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Appendix A Station locations and st
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Station Latitude Longitude Elevatio
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Station Latitude Longitude KH019 KH
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HK 140 - Non-processed EBSD data 12
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HK 131A - U-Stage data 128
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HK 131A - Non-processed EBSD data 1
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HK 139D - Non-processed EBSD data 1
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HK 105A - U-Stage data 134
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HK 105A - Processed EBSD data (e.g.
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HK 125 - Processed EBSD data (e.g.
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HK 124B2 - Processed EBSD data (e.g
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KH18a - Monazite 1 150
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HK109 - Thin section * For HK109_mo
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U Th 4 3 2 1 5 10 9 11 7 8 6 Nd Y 1
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HK109 - Monazite 3 170
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U SL CP 172
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U Th SL 174
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U Nd CP 178
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U Nd Th 180
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Y Nd U Th 184
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U Th SL 186
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CP Nd 2 3 4 6 5 1 Y P 190
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U Th SL 192
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CP Nd Y P 196
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U Th SL 198
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HK117a - Thin section 200
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11 12 10 8 9 13 14 15 7 6 4 2 5 3 1
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9 8 7 10 6 5 4 3 2 1 206
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210
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5 4 9 6 7 8 3 2 1 10 212
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Holdsworth, R.E., McCaffrey, K.J.W.
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Cottle, J. M., Jessup, M. J., Newel
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Ghosh, S.K., and Ramberg, H. 1976.
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Hodges, K.V., and Silverberg, D.S.
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Kohn, M.J. 2008. P-T-t data from ce
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Means, W. D., Hobbs, B. E., Lister,
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Prior, D.J. 2009. EBSD in the earth
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Caledonides. In, S. Sengupta (Ed.),
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Yakymchuck, C., 2010. Tectonometamo
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