title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Figure 2.3 Lithotectonic map and simplified cross-section of the upper Karnali valley, northwestern Nepal. D.I, II, III, IV, V and VI refer to lithotectonic domains, see text for descriptions. Inset is identical scale to main map and shows simplified geology and topography, constructed from SRTM DEM data sheets 53_06, 53_07. Stereonets were constructed using OSX Stereonet v. 1.3 developed by N. Cardozo and R. Allmendinger. Abbreviations: GHS – Greater Himalayan sequence, GMH – Gurla Mandhata- Humla fault system, TSS – Tethyan sedimentary sequence. _____________________________________________________________________________ pervasive throughout domains II, III, IV, and V. Macro- and micro-scale observations from all domains are described below (see Appendix A for station locations and additional field data). 2.4.2.1 Domain I – Folded TSS The folded TSS is the southernmost mapped domain, outcropping between ~2.7 to 1 km structurally above the GHS-TSS interface (Figs. 2.3, 2.4a,b,c). This domain comprises interlayered tan to grey marbles and calc-silicates (Cal ± Qtz ± Fsp ± phyllosilicates ± Py). Along the southern edge of the mapped area, domain I exposes a layer of unknown thickness of dull green to purple calcareous phyllite (Cal ± Qtz ± phyllosilicates ± Fsp). Calcite is very fine grained (~30 µm) and no twins are discernable. This may suggest a complete lack of microscale deformation (Fig. 2.4c; Burkhard, 1993). Both rock types are interpreted to represent the Cambro- Ordovician stratigraphic level mapped by Murphy and Copeland (2005). Original bedding is crudely preserved and defines macroscale open to tight folds with axial planes moderately inclined to the south. Folds verge towards the northeast and fold hinges plunge shallowly (~0° to 25°) to the ESE and WNW (Figs. 2.3, 2.4a). Rare C/S/C’ fabrics indicating dextral shear are observed within the purple calcareous phyllite (Fig. 2.4b). 2.4.2.2 Domain II – Transposed TSS The transposed TSS is located within ~1 km structurally above the GHS-TSS interface (Figs. 2.3, 2.4d,e,f,g). Throughout this domain, bedding of the folded TSS is transposed planar to 23
Figure 2.4 Representative structures, rock types and deformation mechanisms of domain I and II; the folded, and transposed Tethyan Sedimentary sequence, respectively. They are from highest to lowest structural levels: (a) Northeast-verging moderately overturned folds of marble and calc-silicate of domain I, south of the village of Tumkot. (b) C/S/C’ fabrics indicating dextral shear within a purple calcareous phyllite of domain I. (c) Fine-grained calcite with no discernable twins within a calc-silicate of domain I. (d) Recumbant and isoclinal folds of domain II. (e) Calc-silicate of domain II exhibiting thin type I calcite twins (red arrows). (f) High-strain foliation (S 1 ) within calc-silicate of domain II. (g) Calc-silicate of domain II exhibiting tabular type II calcite twins (thin red arrows) and curved and tapered type III calcite twins (thick red arrows). Inset is identical scale from elsewhere in the thin section. Abbreviations: cal - calcite, qtz - quartz. 24
Page 1 and 2: FROM CESSATION OF SOUTH-DIRECTED MI
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Field mapping and, structu
Page 5 and 6: Co-Authorship This thesis is my own
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Abstract ........
Page 9 and 10: 4.1 Introduction ..................
Page 11 and 12: Figure 4.3 Microscale CPO variabili
Page 13 and 14: Abbreviations Mineral Biotite Calci
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.1 Color relief map of the
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibe
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.3 Structures in the Himala
Page 21 and 22: the various models. However, this a
Page 23 and 24: of shear (Murphy and Copeland, 2005
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 4 outlines proposed future
Page 27 and 28: indicated by symmetric high-tempera
Page 29 and 30: The second phase of middle Miocene
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 Geologic Setting 2.3.1 Himalaya
Page 33 and 34: 2.4 Geology of the upper Karnali Va
Page 38 and 39: the main shear zone fabric. The lit
Page 40 and 41: South of the interface, the TSS is
Page 42 and 43: WNW Figure 2.6 Representative struc
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.7 Representative structure
Page 46 and 47: distribution of dextral and sinistr
Page 48 and 49: al., 1986; Mainprice et al., 1986).
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2.9 Summary of CPO post-acqu
Page 52: a c a c Figure 2.10 Summary of quar
Page 56 and 57: Sample HK131A is a high-strain quar
Page 58 and 59: constriction, where rhomb slip domi
Page 60 and 61: ± 50°C (Law et al., 2004). Furthe
Page 62 and 63: Figure 2.14 (a) Photomicrograph of
Page 64 and 65: Figure 2.15 Summary of lithotectoni
Page 66 and 67: elationships, these data constrain
Page 68 and 69: primary reference material, “4409
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2.16 - continued. 57
Page 72: monazite grains are aligned paralle
Page 75 and 76: Analysis Position Pb U Th Th/U 207
Page 79 and 80: Analysis Position HK117A Pb U Th Th
Page 83 and 84: are derived from intensely deformed
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Samples KH10, HK102a, HK105, HK115,
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the intralaboratory standard (MAC-8
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Figure 2.18 - continued. 76
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espectively. Note that the plateaus
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Figure 2.19 Plots of muscovite cool
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Figure 2.20 Summary of results from
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(2) Previously published chronologi
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Figs. 2.7b,d, 2.15) is locally over
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Thermochronology of muscovite grain
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Figure 2.21 - continued - Box (3) r
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92 Figure 2.22 (a) Location of stud
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is little data to support both afor
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Figure 2.23 Numerical model of modi
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The second phase is associated with
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yr Figure 3.1 Numerical model of Co
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phenomena are consistent with ongoi
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towards the topographic front of th
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Chapter 4 Microstructural analyses:
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a c a c Figure 4.1 Summary of quart
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Figure 4.2 Results of study by Toy
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factors on the formation of differe
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1987; Simpson and De Paor, 1993, 19
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2009). Furthermore, there is rising
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Figure 4.5 Simplified set up of ana
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Appendix A Station locations and st
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Station Latitude Longitude Elevatio
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Station Latitude Longitude KH019 KH
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HK 140 - Non-processed EBSD data 12
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HK 131A - U-Stage data 128
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HK 131A - Non-processed EBSD data 1
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HK 139D - Non-processed EBSD data 1
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HK 105A - U-Stage data 134
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HK 105A - Processed EBSD data (e.g.
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HK 125 - Processed EBSD data (e.g.
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HK 124B2 - Processed EBSD data (e.g
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KH18a - Monazite 1 150
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HK109 - Thin section * For HK109_mo
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U Th 4 3 2 1 5 10 9 11 7 8 6 Nd Y 1
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HK109 - Monazite 3 170
Page 185 and 186:
U SL CP 172
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U Th SL 174
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U Nd CP 178
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U Nd Th 180
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Y Nd U Th 184
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U Th SL 186
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CP Nd 2 3 4 6 5 1 Y P 190
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U Th SL 192
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CP Nd Y P 196
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U Th SL 198
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HK117a - Thin section 200
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11 12 10 8 9 13 14 15 7 6 4 2 5 3 1
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4 1 5 9 10 2 11 6 16 3 7 17 14 8 18
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9 8 7 10 6 5 4 3 2 1 206
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5 4 9 6 7 8 3 2 1 10 212
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Holdsworth, R.E., McCaffrey, K.J.W.
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Cottle, J. M., Jessup, M. J., Newel
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Ghosh, S.K., and Ramberg, H. 1976.
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Hodges, K.V., and Silverberg, D.S.
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Kohn, M.J. 2008. P-T-t data from ce
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Means, W. D., Hobbs, B. E., Lister,
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Prior, D.J. 2009. EBSD in the earth
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Caledonides. In, S. Sengupta (Ed.),
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Yakymchuck, C., 2010. Tectonometamo
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