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A Review of Literature and Projects 2005 (6) Information on interventions, policies and legislation was obtained from reports and papers written by relevant government agencies, including the Ministry of <strong>Health</strong>. 3. Key findings The findings of the review are described under four main themes: demography; sexual and reproductive health status; policies/legislations; and interventions. 3. 1. Demography Two aspects are presented – general demography and the age at marriage, the latter being relevant as a proxy indicator for sexual and reproductive health activities and especially for risk of pregnancy and its consequences for young females. 3.1.1. General demography Malaysia comprises thirteen (13) states and three (3) federal territories in three regions – Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. The country’s population has more than tripled over the last four decades and, in 2002, was 24.5 million. The average annual rate of population growth is 2.6%. The per capital income in 2002 was RM13 781 (US$ 3626), placing Malaysia among middle-income economies. The health profile of Malaysia resembles that of a country in transition from developing to developed national status. The demographic profile shows a relatively “young nation”, with a sizeable population between the ages of 10 and 24. The population of young people is shown as a percentage in Figure 1 and in absolute numbers in Figure 2. While the percentage has remained almost stable, the absolute numbers of 0-24 year-olds have increased over the years. Young people (15-24 years of age) make up a fifth of the population, while younger children (0-14 years of age) make up about 40%. On a population pyramid, Malaysia’s population shows what is often termed a “youth bulge”, which has clear implications for the social and economic fabric of the nation, especially in terms of creating more demands for specific services for that age group. This is important since it provides policy-makers with evidence of the importance of the health of adolescents, a group that used to be considered less important simply because their mortality and morbidity rates are low. The fact that they contribute to a sizeable proportion of the population is enough reason for attention to be accorded to adolescents. 17
Sexual and Reproductive <strong>Health</strong> of Adolescents and Youths in Malaysia Figure 1: Percentage distribution of children and young people in Malaysia in selected years Source : Social Statistics Bulletin Malaysia Figure 2: Population of children and young people in Malaysia over the years Source : Social Statistics Bulletin Malaysia 18
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