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A Review of Literature and Projects 2005 4.5. Enforcing existing laws and making new laws There are laws protecting young people, such as those prohibiting sexual violence. However, several reports claim that enforcement may not always be optimal. Some studies suggest that the rate of reporting is low, and that there is likely to be a higher incidence of sexual abuse than reported. Therefore it is recommended that the reporting system be improved. Efforts should be made to identify new areas for legislation, such as a stronger, more explicit policy on sexuality education. 4.6. Strengthening interagency partnerships Since it is clear that many agencies need to be involved in adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health, interagency partnership and coordination is crucial. Some studies suggest that schools have been unable to carry out sexual and reproductive health education because of a shortage of trained teachers, but that they have not tried to get support from other agencies or nongovernmental organizations. Several approaches can be identified to strengthen interagency partnership, and these must be pursued actively by all agencies, such as by forming a task force involving all concerned. 4.7. Conducting more research There are several gaps in current knowledge on adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health in Malaysia. For example, there is little information about abortion, and such knowledge could be useful in making policies and designing intervention strategies. It could also highlight the impact of current policies. There is no information about sexual development, except concerning wet dreams and onset of menarche. Research is needed to identify the best approaches for adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health education, and to evaluate the impact of such education. There is also a need to improve and standardize research methods to obtain reliable information. Non-threatening approaches should be used to gather information from and about adolescents. It is also recommended that all agencies should coordinate their research, so that important areas are covered and duplication is avoided. 53
Sexual and Reproductive <strong>Health</strong> of Adolescents and Youths in Malaysia 5. Conclusions Adolescent health is increasingly being recognized as an important component of a country’s well-being and of health services provision. Like many other countries, Malaysia will need to increase efforts in this area, based on adequate information and evidence. There are several studies and much literature produced by many sectors and individuals interested and involved in adolescent health. However, while they contain useful information, it is scattered and fragmented. This review has managed to bring together some of that information, and the analyses carried out have provided an impetus for more work to be done towards improvement of adolescent health in terms of policies, strategies, activities and interventions. 54
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