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A Review of Literature and Projects 2005 Table of Contents Acronyms .................................................................................... 7 Author’s Statement ..................................................................... 8 Executive Summary.................................................................... 9 Preface ...................................................................................... 13 1. Introduction .......................................................................... 15 2. Methodology ......................................................................... 15 3. Key findings .......................................................................... 17 3.1 Demography .....................................................................................................17 3.1.1 General demography .............................................................................17 3.1.2 Age of first marriage .............................................................................21 3.2 Adolescent sexual and reproductive health ..................................................24 3.2.1 Knowledge and sources of information ............................................24 3.2.2 Sexual development ...............................................................................27 3.2.3 Sexual behaviour ....................................................................................28 3.2.4 Pregnancy and childbirth ......................................................................36 3.2.5 Sexually transmitted infections ............................................................39 3.2.6 Sexual violence .......................................................................................42 3.3 Policies and legislation.....................................................................................45 3.3.1 Policies .....................................................................................................45 3.3.2 Legislation ...............................................................................................46 3.4 Interventions ....................................................................................................47 3.4.1 Education and information ..................................................................48 3.4.2 Services....................................................................................................49 4. Recommendations ................................................................ 51 4.1 Raising awareness.............................................................................................51 4.2 Strengthening sexual and reproductive health education ...........................51 4.3 Strengthening service provision.....................................................................52 4.4 Clarifying polices..............................................................................................52 4.5 Enforcing existing laws and making new laws.............................................53 4.6 Strengthening interagency partnerships........................................................53 4.7 Conducting more research..............................................................................53 5. Conclusions .......................................................................... 54 References ................................................................................ 79 3
Sexual and Reproductive <strong>Health</strong> of Adolescents and Youths in Malaysia Tables and Figures Figure 1. Percentage distribution of children and young people in Malaysia in selected years ...................................................................................20 Figure 2. Population of children and young people in Malaysia over the years .......................................................................................20 Figure 3. Distribution of adolescents (age 15-24), by gender...............................21 Figure 4. Distribution of young people (age 20-24), by ethnic group and gender ...................................................................................22 Figure 5. Distribution by urban-rural areas and gender for the 10-19 age group ..........................................................................................22 Figure 6. Distribution by urban-rural areas and gender for the 20-24 age group ..........................................................................................23 Figure 7. Percentage of male and female population (15-24 years old) ever married in 1970, 1980 and 1991....................................................................24 Figure 8. Singular mean age at marriage by ethnicity, Peninsular Malaysia .................................................................................................25 Figure 9. Percentage of respondents engaged in sexual behaviour during dating, by gender .........................................................................................31 Figure 10. Percentage of births to mothers > 25 years in Peninsular Malaysia, by age of mother .....................................................................................................39 Figure 11. Percentage distribution of pregnancy wastage, by age of mother .....................................................................................................41 4
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