The_Holokaust_-_origins,_implementation,_aftermath

STEP BY STEP: EXPANSION OF MURDER 1939 – 1941
39. See BAK, R18/6544: Dr. Zindel to Hans Pfundtner, 4 Mar. 1936; ibid.: RMdI circular
(sig. Conti), 24 Jan. 1940.
40. BAK, R165/45: Registration list of Lalleri at Berlin-Marzahn, 5 Dec. 1939 to 26 Jan.
1940, as compared with listings in Memorial Book: The Gypsies in Auschwitz-Birkenau,
ed. State Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau and Documentary and Cultural Center of
German Sinti and Roma, 2 vols. (Munich, 1993).
41. BAK, R73/14005: Paul Werner to Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 6 Jan. 1940.
42. For a discussion of personnel recruitment, see my “Das nationalsozialistische
Euthanasieprogramm,” in Geschichte und Verantwortung, ed. Aurelius Freytag, Boris
Marte, and Thomas Stern (Vienna, 1988), 277–97.
43. See Herbert Jäger, Verbrechen unter totalitärer Herrschaft: Studien zur
nationalsozialistischen Gewaltkriminalität, 2d ed. (Frankfurt, 1982), 94ff.
44. On the Pomeranian killings, see LG Hannover, Urteil Kurt Eimann, 2 Ks 2/67, 20 Dec.
1968; and Nuremberg Doc. NO-2275: Gruppenführer Richard Hildebrandt, “Bericht
über Aufstellung, Einsatz und Tätigkeit des SS-Wachsturmbann E.”
45. This did not apply to Gypsies, because German officials believed that among Germans
“only scum (Abschaum eines Volkes) will marry or mate with a Gypsy.” BAK, ZSg142/
23: report on Marzahn camp by G. Stein, Frankfurt, n.d. (1936).
46. On the support role of Reinhard Heydrich and the RSHA, see BAK, R22/5021: handwritten
note by Dr. Günther Joël transmitting to Franz Gürtner comments by Heydrich
concerning his relationship to the euthanasia program, 1 Nov. [1940]; and Bundesarchiv-
Militärarchiv Freiburg, H20/463 & 465: Viktor Brack to Heinrich Müller, 5 July 1941;
Viktor Brack to RSHA, Abteilung IVb2, 9 Apr. 1942.
47. Berlin Document Center (BDC): dossier Albert Widmann; StA Düsseldorf, Anklage
Widmann, 8 Js 7212/59, 13 Sept. 1960; LG Düsseldorf, Urteil Widmann, 8 Ks 1/61, 16
May 1961; StA Stuttgart, Anklage Widmann, Becker, (19) 13 Js 328/60, 29 Aug. 1962;
StA Düsseldorf, Verfahren Widmann, 8 Ks 1/61 (8 Js 7212/59), interrogation Albert
Widmann, 11–12, 15, and 27 Jan. 1960.
48. BDC: Dossier August Becker, StA Stuttgart, Anklage Widmann, Becker, (19) 13 Js 328/
60, 29 Aug. 1962; StA Stuttgart, Verfahren Widmann, Ks 19/62 (19 Js 328/60), interrogation
August Becker, 4 Apr. 1960, 16 May 1961; Zentrale Stelle der
Landesjustizverwaltungen Ludwigsburg (ZStL), interrogation August Becker, 10 and 26
Mar. 1960, 20 June 1961, 8 Oct. 1963.
49. ZStL, interrogation Helmut Kallmeyer, Hanover, 15 Sept. 1961; interrogation Gertrud
Kallmeyer, 31 May 1960, 27 Feb. 1961, 5 Sept. 1961, 10 and 15 Feb. 1966; StA Stuttgart,
Verfahren Widmann, Ks 19/62 (19 Js 328/60), interrogation Helmut Kallmeyer, 20 July
1961 (StA Kiel, 2 Js 269/60). On Riga, see Nuremberg Doc. NO-365: Wetzel to Lohse,
25 Oct. 1941.
50. ZStL, interrogations Erwin Lambert, 3 Apr. 1962 and 12 Feb. 1963; StA Stuttgart, Verfahren
Widmann, Ks 19/62 (19 Js 328/60), interrogation Erwin Lambert, 26 Apr. 1961, continuation
4 May 1961; StA Düsseldorf, Anklage Kurt Franz, 8 Js 10904/59, 29 Jan. 1963,
50–1; LG Düsseldorf, Urteil Kurt Franz, 8 I Ks 2/64, 3 Sept. 1965, 477ff.; LG Hagen,
Urteil Dubois, 11 Ks 1/64, 20 Dec. 1966, 268–75; San Sabba: Istruttoria e processo per
75