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ATLANTIS CONNECTION<br />
Continued from Page 43<br />
ocean to transform into the first human.<br />
Both the Haida and Sumerians have had a<br />
long love affair with the sea. The Sumerians’ vocabulary<br />
contains hundreds of nautical terms.<br />
They also share with the Haida unique stories<br />
about amphibious god ancestors with tails. The<br />
god Oannes was half man, half fish. During the<br />
day Oannes taught the Sumerians how to write<br />
and many of the other arts of civilization before<br />
returning to the sea as night fell.<br />
Rand was further intrigued when Gwaai volunteered<br />
that there is a genetic trait uniquely<br />
prevalent among the Haida that results in a<br />
high incidence of ankylosing spondylitis, a form<br />
of inflammatory arthritis; intrigued, because he<br />
knew that the disease is rare and that Egypt’s<br />
powerful pharaoh, Ramses the Great, also suffered<br />
from AS; a painful and potentially debilitating<br />
condition that attacks the skeleton, particularly<br />
the neck, pelvis, and spinal column.<br />
Medical scientists, seeking an answer to the<br />
mystery of the prevalence of the condition in<br />
this remote northwest corner of Canada, had<br />
tested the Haida by taking hair samples for<br />
DNA analysis. (The Haida Nation eventually<br />
stopped the undertaking when it was learned<br />
that the scientists had introduced an undeclared<br />
anthropological agenda into their tests. They<br />
discovered that the Haida blood samples were<br />
to be DNA <strong>com</strong>pared with other tribes for different<br />
research purposes. The Haida felt tricked<br />
and withdrew their cooperation.)<br />
The severity of AS’s symptoms reminded us<br />
of Robert Brinchurst’s description of Skaay, the<br />
blind Haida myth teller who was “an old man<br />
with a crippled back and a beautiful mind”<br />
from A Story as Sharp as a Knife: the Classical<br />
Haida Mythtellers and Their World. It seems likely<br />
that the blind poet also suffered from AS.<br />
Ninety-three percent of people with ankylosing<br />
spondylitis carry the antigen HLA-B27,<br />
including half of the Haida—among the highest<br />
percentage in the world. Significantly, thirty-six<br />
percent of the Navajo (also known as the<br />
Dine)—the largest tribe of First Nations in<br />
North America—are also burdened with the antigen.<br />
As we’ve seen, the Haida and Dine are<br />
usually grouped together linguistically into the<br />
“Na-Dene” language group.<br />
<strong>What</strong> are the chances that these two North<br />
American peoples would share a rare medical<br />
condition with a powerful dynasty from halfway<br />
around the world?<br />
“Among the pharaohs of the Eighteenth<br />
and Nineteenth dynasty of Old Egypt, at least<br />
three had ankylosing spondylitis: Amenhotep<br />
(Amenophis) II, Ramses II (‘The Great’) and his<br />
son Merenptah.” Egypt’s geographic proximity<br />
to the Sumerians, whose language and myth<br />
match so well with the distant Haida, suggests a<br />
70 ATLANTIS RISING • Number 95<br />
Now officially Haida Gwaii, these were formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands.<br />
painful physical link between the three cultures.<br />
Both Egyptian and Sumerian civilization were<br />
largely dependent upon the same crops: wheat<br />
and barley. These critical founding crops came<br />
to Egypt via Sumer and helped launch the powerhouse<br />
that became Egyptian civilization.<br />
Ramses the Great, (Ramses II) one of the<br />
most famous of all the pharaohs, is often featured<br />
in the story of Moses and the Exodus.<br />
He suffered from AS and was so badly crippled<br />
that, gruesomely, before his corpse could be<br />
lowered into the sarcophagus, the mummifiers<br />
were forced to break his neck so that his body<br />
would lie flat.<br />
Merenptah was Ramses the Great’s thirteenth<br />
son. Like his father, his remains exhibit<br />
all the unique hallmarks of ankylosing spondylitis.<br />
That father and son should bend beneath<br />
the same affliction is not unusual since AS is<br />
assumed to be primarily genetic. <strong>What</strong> is curious<br />
is the fact that a third mummy, that of<br />
Amenhotep II, also exhibits signs of AS, even<br />
though he was not a direct ancestor of either<br />
Ramses the Great or his son, Merenptah.<br />
Since Ramses the Great’s father had ascended<br />
the throne through a military coup—not<br />
through inheritance—AS must have entered separate<br />
Egyptian dynasties through divergent<br />
bloodlines. As Gwaai pointed out, for three<br />
pharaohs to have developed full-blown AS, its<br />
prevalence must have been high within the<br />
royal family of the New Kingdom of Egypt.<br />
Gwaai’s idea made sense. <strong>What</strong> didn’t make<br />
sense was the fact that counter intuitively,<br />
Egypt’s closest neighbors, the Ethiopians to the<br />
south and the Berbers to the west exhibit extremely<br />
low rates of HLA-B27. Although another<br />
potential contamination route, the Mediterranean<br />
Sea, lies to the north there was no<br />
successful sea invasion of Egypt by which the<br />
affliction could have been introduced until the<br />
Roman period.<br />
So how did the HLA-B27 antigen arrive in<br />
ancient Egypt? The answer, it seems, might be<br />
found in the bloodlines of the foreign pharaohs<br />
who ruled immediately before the eighteenth<br />
and nineteenth dynasties.<br />
For centuries no intruder dared invade<br />
Egypt. The Egyptians grew smug in their security<br />
and independence. This blind spot offered<br />
a clear opportunity for imaginative invaders<br />
wielding a revolutionary new weapon. So<br />
it was that the Hyksos descended from the east<br />
in horse-drawn chariots that moved so swiftly<br />
that the Egyptians had no time to marshal a defence.<br />
The Hyksos, according to the ancient<br />
Egyptian historian, Manetho, came from the<br />
Persian Gulf, the homeland of the Sumerians.<br />
With their grand victory they brought the seeds<br />
of ankylosing spondylitis. The damage the disease<br />
ultimately inflicted on the Egyptian royal<br />
families and the curious trail it followed to 150<br />
isolated islands on the other side of the world<br />
would only be revealed many ages later by a<br />
late nineteenth century device, the X-ray, when<br />
its un<strong>com</strong>promising eye revealed the pharaohs’<br />
crippled skeletons.<br />
Bryan Stykes, author of The Seven Daughters<br />
of Eve has developed a technique by which<br />
DNA can be extracted from ancient bones.<br />
This new science could prove the radical theory<br />
of an ancient link between the Haida and the<br />
Sumerians. The discovery of such a link would<br />
open the door to the idea that these people,<br />
who are today separated by such a great distance<br />
but remain connected by a rich mutual<br />
legacy of myth and language could have shared<br />
a <strong>com</strong>mon motherland—a lost island paradise—<br />
an Atlantis. The possibility is as haunting as the<br />
mist that drifts across the water and around the<br />
totems of Haida Gwaii, obscuring the ancient<br />
legends inscribed there.<br />
The above has been adapted by the authors from<br />
their original research for their recently published book<br />
Atlantis Beneath the Ice.<br />
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