Part 8.1

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12 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) — nuclear plant for producing electrical and heat energy in given modes and application conditions situated on a definite site where there is a nuclear reactor (reactors) and complex of systems, equipment and installations necessary for its functioning. Atomic energetics — Nuclear energetics. Atomic nucleus — central positive part of an atom around which electrons are moving and which has almost the whole atom mass. It consists of protons and neutrons. Nuclear ship — a general name of vessels with nuclear power plants. Basic load — part of electrical energy consumption which remains constant for 24 hours; it is approximately equal to minimal daily load. Becquerel (Bq) — measuring system unit of activity of radioactive isotopes, named after French physicists Anry Becquerel, 1 Bq is 1 decay per second. Nuclear and radioactive security of a nuclear power station (further – nuclear station security) — capability of nuclear station at normal operation and normal operation failures including emergencies to limit radioactive impact on the personnel, population and environment. Beta-particle — particle emitted from the atom during radioactive decay. Betaparticles can be both electrons (with negative charges) and positrons. Biological protection — complex of constructions and materials surrounding the nuclear reactor and its units designed to reduce radioactive radiation to biologically safe level. Biological protection is a barrier designed to prevent or limit radioactive impact on the personnel in the conditions of normal operation, failures of normal operation including project emergencies. The main means of biological protection is concrete; different metals can also be protective materials with good absorbing properties. Bituminization of radioactive wastes — hardening of liquid concentrated or dry radioactive wastes by mixing them with fused bitumen and thermal dehydration of the resulted mixture. Nuclear power plant unit — a part of nuclear plant that is a nuclear reactor with generating and other equipment providing functions of nuclear power station in the scale determined by the project. FN — reactor on fast neutrons in which the first and second coolant circuit is sodium, the third coolant circuit is water and steam. In Russia it is used in Beloyarsk NPS. Boric company — period of WMWC reactor operation between fuel overloads (till the moment when boric acid concentration in first coolant circuit is zero).
Breeder — Breeder-type reactor. 13 Fast neutrons — neutrons whose kinetic energy exceeds a definite level. This level can be of a wide range and depends on the application (reactors’ physics, protection, dosimetry). In reactors’ physics this value is usually chosen of 0,1 MV. Ram (roentgen-equivalent-man) — off-system unit of equivalent dose. 1 ram= 0,01 Sievert. RSA — possible security analysis. Putting into operation — process during which systems and components of built nuclear station are activated and their correspondence to the project is evaluated. WMWC — water-moderated water-cooled reactor which uses water as coolant and deterrent. The most spread in Russia reactor type has two modifications — WMWC-440 and WMWC-1000. tion. External radiation — radiation of a body by the outer sources of ionizing radia- Internal radiation — radiation of a body by the internal sources of ionizing radiation. Heavy water (D2О) — type of water in which usual hydrogen (Н) is replaced by its heavy isotope-deuterium (D). Impact on the environment — nonrecurrent periodical or constant process resulting in negative changes in the environment. Reproducing material — material containing one or several reproducing nuclides capable of direct or indirect transition to nuclides dividing by means of catching neutrons (uranium – 238 and thorium – 232). Secondary nuclear fuel — secondary nuclear fuel includes plutonium – 239, uranium – 233 formed in nuclear reactors from uranium – 238 and thorium – 232 at absorbing of neutrons. Decommissioning — process when a nuclear station is stopped being used at which the security of the personnel, population and environment is guaranteed. Nuclear fuel burn-out — reducing of concentration of any nuclide in nuclear fuel due to nuclear transformation of the nuclide at the reactor operation. Burning out absorbent — material put into critical system; it intensively absorbs neutrons and compensates excess critical mass of dividing material at the initial stages of its operation and later burns out.
Page 1: DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OF THE REPUBLI
Page 5 and 6: 5 Marking Name Page 1588-ПЗ-ОИ4
Page 11: 1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 11 EP (emer
Page 15 and 16: 15 Fissible material — material c
Page 17 and 18: 17 Isotope — nuclear form of the
Page 19 and 20: 19 Curie (Ci) — off-system unit o
Page 21 and 22: 21 Medical irradiation — irradiat
Page 23 and 24: 23 reactiveness influence means and
Page 25 and 26: 25 Radium — product of radioactiv
Page 27 and 28: 27 X-ray — off-system unit of mea
Page 29 and 30: 29 Heavy-water reactor — nuclear
Page 31 and 32: 31 Ecological security — conditio
Page 33 and 34: ITER - International Thermonuclear
Page 35 and 36: 35 Analysis and generalization of i
Page 37 and 38: 3 GENERAL. JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEC
Page 39 and 40: 39 dents) in the byelorussian NPP,
Page 41 and 42: 41 pensating increase of gas consum
Page 43 and 44: 43 In order to follow these directi
Page 45 and 46: Table 3 - Comparative characteristi
Page 47 and 48: Table 4 - Characteristics of constr
Page 49 and 50: Table 5 - Analysis of competing sit
Page 51 and 52: Continuation of table 5 51 Factors
Page 57 and 58: 57 heat reactors are being led. Ros
Page 59 and 60: 59 made of a special type of glass.
Page 61 and 62: 61 Atomic branch in Russia is not t
Page 63 and 64:
63 Generation 3 Reactors of generat
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65 less with lower temperature and
Page 67 and 68:
Table 10 - Main parameters of diffe
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69 been started in Bulgaria and fou
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71 characteristics, safety and stab
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73 of project NPP -92 to the requir
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75 Apart from the procedure of lice
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77 − reactor building with double
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79 The second circuit is nonradioac
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Continuation of table 16 81 Auxilia
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83 cooling of active zone melting o
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85 Figare 9 - Longitudinal plan of
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87 TVS-2M construction (figure 10)
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89 carcass, increased height of CDP
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91 FA-2 and FA-2M carcasses are tes
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93 Figure 17 - Shank end with long
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Figure 22 - Cells and a part of mix
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Page 99 and 100:
99 Figure 24 - Main circulating agg
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101 two types in front of LPC provi
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Table 22 - Required time reserves 1
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105 By its technologies and structu
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Figure 25 - Deep echeloning protect
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109 To carry out security requireme
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111 1. реактор - reactor 2.
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Figure 27 - Principle solutions on
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115 Melting localization device The
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117 Corium localization device is a
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119 - system of diesel generators;
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121
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123 − providing straight main lin
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125 Figure 31 - General plan of NPP
Page 127 and 128:
7.1 Construction of atomic station
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129 As we can see from table 28 at
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131 Figure 33 - PWR reactor nodes o
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133 noncompactness and getting of g
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25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 -500
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137 Table 30 - Sources of chemical
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139 - ASF cleaning water (200 mck);
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7.4 Radiation impact 141 7.4.1Outpu
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143 7.4.2 Dumping of radioactive su
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145 Volumes of liquid dumps into th
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147 Quality and quantitative radioa
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149 equipped with aerosol and iodin
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151 - because of absence of public
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153 mined by calculations according
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155 - worked-out cassettes are move
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9 RADIATION PROTECTION 9.1 Radiatio
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159 - organization of radiation and
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161 Continuation of table 43 NPP wi
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163 - systems of electro supply, he
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165 ecologically secure. For exampl
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167 side the grout can be required.
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Table 45 - Development of heavy OA
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171 Within 5-7 km from the NPP OA o
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173 sites are: Bykhov and Shklov-Go
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