Part 8.1

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Nuclear energetics — sphere of modern engineering based on conversion of
nuclear energy into other types of energy (heat, mechanical, electrical) and its application
in industrial and household purposes.
Nuclear energy — internal energy of atomic nucleus connected with motion
and interaction of nucleons forming the nucleus. There are two ways of getting nuclear
energy: chain nuclear fission reaction of heavy nuclei and thermonuclear reaction
of light nuclei synthesis.
Nuclear fission — process accompanied by splitting of heavy atom nucleus at
interaction with neutrons or other elementary particles; in the result of this process
new lighter nuclei and other elementary particles are formed and energy is emitted.
Nuclear conversion — conversion of one nuclide into another.
Nuclear fuel — substance that can be used in nuclear reactor for carrying out
nuclear chain fission reaction of heavy nuclei. Nuclear fuel contains fuel and substances
interaction of whose nuclei leads to forming of secondary nuclear fuel.
Nuclear material — material containing or capable of reproducing fissible materials
(substances).
tion.
Nuclear reactor — installation for carrying out controlled chain nuclear reac-
Nucleus — view Atomic nucleus.
NFC — nuclear fuel cycle, a complex of activities directed to provide functioning
of nuclear energetics including the mining and processing of uranium ore, fuel production,
its transportation to the station, storage and processing of worked-out nuclear
fuel. In case of burial of waste ТАС is called open, in case if it will be reprocessed
and reused it is called closed.
NEP — nuclear energy plant.
English terms and abbreviations:
ALARA (abbreviated from As Low As Reasonably Achievable) — principle
in philosophy of radiological protection at which dose and risk of irradiation are kept
low considering economical and social factors.
BWR (abbreviated from Boiling water reactor) — tank reactor with boiling
water containing heavy water as a coolant and natural uranium as a fuel; reactors of
this type are used in Canada.
EUR — (European utility requirements) — requirements of European energy
companies to AES with light-water reactors.
IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency
INES - International Nuclear Events Scale