Part 8.1

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30 Secure operation conditions — set in the project minimal limitations of a number of reactor plant characteristics important for security; following these limitations guarantee secure operation of the plant. Physical barrier — engineering installation, technical means or device limiting exit of radioactive substances and ionizing radiation into the rooms of radioactivelydangerous object and to the environment. Physical protection of nuclear station — technical and organizational measures of keeping nuclear materials and radioactive substances in the nuclear station aimed to prevent unsanctioned entrances to the territory of the nuclear station, unsanctioned access to the nuclear materials and radioactive substances and timely revealing and stopping of subversion and terrorist acts threatening the security of the station. Physical obstacle — natural obstacle in the way of spreading of ionizing radiation, nuclear material, or radioactive substance. Physical start-up of the reactor — stage of putting NS into operation including loading of the reactor with nuclear fuel, reaching critical condition of the reactor and carrying out all necessary physical power measurements at which heat removal from the reactor is achieved by natural heat losses (dispersion). Storage of radioactive waste — placement of radioactive waste in special places designed for safe isolation of the waste, including control and possibility of further processing, transportation, and (or) burial of the waste. Cementation of radioactive waste — method of conditioning of liquid and solid radioactive wastes by mixing them with cement and hardening of the resulted mixture. Chain nuclear reaction — sequence of heavy atoms nuclei fission reaction at their interaction with neutrons and other elementary particles in the result of this reaction lighter atoms, new neutrons and other elementary particles are formed, and nuclear energy is emitted. Depending on average number of fission reaction the reaction can be called damped, self-contained, or increasing reactions. Decay chain — row in which every nuclide transforms into the following one during the radioactive decay until a new stable nuclide is formed. Zirconium — chemical element (metal) with weak ability of absorbing heat neutrons; is widely used in atomic machine building. CAS — Chernobyl atomic station. EGR — energy graphite reactor of channel-type with steam overheat; is used in Bilibinsk APS.
31 Ecological security — condition of protectiveness of environment, people life and health from possible harmful influence of industrial and other activities, at natural and anthropogenic emergencies. Ecological damage — evaluation of harmful influences calculated as volume and cost of work on restoring the environment. Experimental reactor — view Research reactor. Operational limits — parameters and characteristics of systems, elements of the nuclear station determined by the project for normal operation. Operation — all activities aimed to achieve the purpose of the station by safe means including power operation, start-up, stops, tests, maintenance, inspections during operation and other activities. Operational conditions — determined by the project conditions of quantity, quality, serviceability and maintenance of all systems and elements necessary for normal functionality of the station without exceeding the operational limits. Electron-volt (Ev) – energy unit equal to changes of electron energy at potential difference of 1 volt. Energy start-up of atomic station — stage of putting atomic station unit into operation starting with finishing of physical start-up and till beginning of electroenergy output. Energy reactor — nuclear reactor designed for electrical energy production. Nuclear accident — accident connected with damage of fuel elements exceeding the permitted levels of safe operation and (or) irradiation of the personnel. It can be caused by: — failure of control of chain nuclear fission reaction in the reactor active zone; — appearance of criticality at overloads, transportation and storage of fuel elements; — damage of coolant of fuel elements; — other reasons leading to damage of fuel elements. Nuclear security — condition of protectiveness of environment and people from possible harmful influence of ionizing radiation of nuclear plant and (or) storage point reached by corresponding operational conditions, disposal of worked-out nuclear materials and (or) operational radioactive waste. Nuclear reaction — conversion of atomic nuclei caused by their interaction with elementary particles and with each other and accompanying by changing of mass, charge or energy condition of the nuclei. Nuclear plant — installations and complexes with nuclear reactor (reactors)including installations and complexes with industrial, experimental and research nuclear reactors, critical and subcritical nuclear assemblies.
Page 1: DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OF THE REPUBLI
Page 5 and 6: 5 Marking Name Page 1588-ПЗ-ОИ4
Page 11 and 12: 1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 11 EP (emer
Page 13 and 14: Breeder — Breeder-type reactor. 1
Page 15 and 16: 15 Fissible material — material c
Page 17 and 18: 17 Isotope — nuclear form of the
Page 19 and 20: 19 Curie (Ci) — off-system unit o
Page 21 and 22: 21 Medical irradiation — irradiat
Page 23 and 24: 23 reactiveness influence means and
Page 25 and 26: 25 Radium — product of radioactiv
Page 27 and 28: 27 X-ray — off-system unit of mea
Page 29: 29 Heavy-water reactor — nuclear
Page 33 and 34: ITER - International Thermonuclear
Page 35 and 36: 35 Analysis and generalization of i
Page 37 and 38: 3 GENERAL. JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEC
Page 39 and 40: 39 dents) in the byelorussian NPP,
Page 41 and 42: 41 pensating increase of gas consum
Page 43 and 44: 43 In order to follow these directi
Page 45 and 46: Table 3 - Comparative characteristi
Page 47 and 48: Table 4 - Characteristics of constr
Page 49 and 50: Table 5 - Analysis of competing sit
Page 51 and 52: Continuation of table 5 51 Factors
Page 57 and 58: 57 heat reactors are being led. Ros
Page 59 and 60: 59 made of a special type of glass.
Page 61 and 62: 61 Atomic branch in Russia is not t
Page 63 and 64: 63 Generation 3 Reactors of generat
Page 65 and 66: 65 less with lower temperature and
Page 67 and 68: Table 10 - Main parameters of diffe
Page 69 and 70: 69 been started in Bulgaria and fou
Page 71 and 72: 71 characteristics, safety and stab
Page 73 and 74: 73 of project NPP -92 to the requir
Page 75 and 76: 75 Apart from the procedure of lice
Page 77 and 78: 77 − reactor building with double
Page 79 and 80: 79 The second circuit is nonradioac
Page 81 and 82:
Continuation of table 16 81 Auxilia
Page 83 and 84:
83 cooling of active zone melting o
Page 85 and 86:
85 Figare 9 - Longitudinal plan of
Page 87 and 88:
87 TVS-2M construction (figure 10)
Page 89 and 90:
89 carcass, increased height of CDP
Page 91 and 92:
91 FA-2 and FA-2M carcasses are tes
Page 93 and 94:
93 Figure 17 - Shank end with long
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 22 - Cells and a part of mix
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
99 Figure 24 - Main circulating agg
Page 101 and 102:
101 two types in front of LPC provi
Page 103 and 104:
Table 22 - Required time reserves 1
Page 105 and 106:
105 By its technologies and structu
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 25 - Deep echeloning protect
Page 109 and 110:
109 To carry out security requireme
Page 111 and 112:
111 1. реактор - reactor 2.
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 27 - Principle solutions on
Page 115 and 116:
115 Melting localization device The
Page 117 and 118:
117 Corium localization device is a
Page 119 and 120:
119 - system of diesel generators;
Page 121 and 122:
121
Page 123 and 124:
123 − providing straight main lin
Page 125 and 126:
125 Figure 31 - General plan of NPP
Page 127 and 128:
7.1 Construction of atomic station
Page 129 and 130:
129 As we can see from table 28 at
Page 131 and 132:
131 Figure 33 - PWR reactor nodes o
Page 133 and 134:
133 noncompactness and getting of g
Page 135 and 136:
25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 -500
Page 137 and 138:
137 Table 30 - Sources of chemical
Page 139 and 140:
139 - ASF cleaning water (200 mck);
Page 141 and 142:
7.4 Radiation impact 141 7.4.1Outpu
Page 143 and 144:
143 7.4.2 Dumping of radioactive su
Page 145 and 146:
145 Volumes of liquid dumps into th
Page 147 and 148:
147 Quality and quantitative radioa
Page 149 and 150:
149 equipped with aerosol and iodin
Page 151 and 152:
151 - because of absence of public
Page 153 and 154:
153 mined by calculations according
Page 155 and 156:
155 - worked-out cassettes are move
Page 157 and 158:
9 RADIATION PROTECTION 9.1 Radiatio
Page 159 and 160:
159 - organization of radiation and
Page 161 and 162:
161 Continuation of table 43 NPP wi
Page 163 and 164:
163 - systems of electro supply, he
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165 ecologically secure. For exampl
Page 167 and 168:
167 side the grout can be required.
Page 169 and 170:
Table 45 - Development of heavy OA
Page 171 and 172:
171 Within 5-7 km from the NPP OA o
Page 173 and 174:
173 sites are: Bykhov and Shklov-Go
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Part 8.1

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