Recreation in the Renaissance

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Varieties of Pastimes 101 games, though, have to be appropriate, and not simply in the sense that they need to avoid anything morally reprehensible. Following the model set in Classical Antiquity, young, robust men need to exercise their body and each of their limbs. Sitting-down games like chess are good for elderly people affected by the gout. ‘Let girls sit and grow lazy.’ Horse-riding, archery, fencing, swimming and ball games are appropriate for boys; later in their lives, they would regret not having learned those skills. 31 In Mulcaster’s aforementioned Positions (see above, Chapter 3), physical education played a paramount role. As well as discussing general rules concerning exercise, and the exercise of the voice (Of lowd speaking, Of loude singing, Of loude and soft reading, Of much talking and silence, Of laughing and weeping, Of holding the breath), the book devotes a significant series of chapters to specific sports (Of daunsing, Of wrastling, Of fensing, Of the top and scourge, Of walking, Of running, Of leaping, Of swimming, Of riding, Of hunting, Of shooting, Of the ball). The text offers thus a virtually unprecedented panorama of games which were regarded as appropriate for Tudor children, although it appears somehow bookish: the selection does not seem to be particularly targeted at young persons, and the humanist reliance on classical sources and models is still overwhelming. 32 The ‘Saletta dei giuochi’ in Ferrara (see above, Chapter 3) offers the visual representation of a similar selection of children’s games, strongly oriented by a humanist programme and a set of allegorical meanings. It reproduces the range of activities that were typical of an ancient school (gymnasium, or ludus), with its characteristic pursuit of a harmonic balance between body and mind. It has been noticed that some of the scenes that would appear more problematic for an educational purpose, such as the gladiatorial contest, do not in fact depict a real fight, but rather a mock one performed as a form of exercise, or a dance miming the contest (the musicians playing in a corner being common in treatises of education as a specific requirement for that form of training). The presence in the panels of the figure of the tutor supervising the exercise also confirms that we are looking at scenes from a school. Other children’s games represented in the same room – spinning-top and skittles – had a philosophical, neo-Platonic tradition of allegorical meaning. 33 There is a whole distinctive Flemish and Dutch tradition of representing children’s games systematically in paintings and prints, either in a series of separate images or in an anthology of different games displayed as simultaneous, the latter fashion represented at its best by Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s well-known Children’s Games (1560) (Figure 6.2). As with Ferrara, as the case of Bruegel clearly shows, the visual
102 Recreation in the Renaissance Figure 6.2 Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s Children’s Games, the Renaissance pictorial encyclopedia of play, and a source of imitations.
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Also by Alessandro Arcangeli DAVIDE
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© Alessandro Arcangeli 2003 All ri
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vi Contents 7 Conclusion 116 Append
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Preface This work springs from a pr
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Page 145 and 146: 134 Notes childishness. Contrary to
Page 147 and 148: 136 Notes in T. Porcacchi (ed.), Pr
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Page 151 and 152: 140 Notes 4 The Moral Discourse 1.
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Page 155 and 156: 144 Notes other Mediterranean cultu
Page 157 and 158: 146 Notes libros commentaria, 2 vol
Page 159 and 160: 148 Notes 34. Salvadori, La chasse,
Page 161 and 162: 150 Notes Courtly Dance of the Rena
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152 Notes 54. H. I. Clodius, Primae
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154 Notes spicuous consumption in t
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156 Notes 26. [L delectare], OF del
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158 Bibliography Arcangeli, A., ‘
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160 Bibliography Burton, R., The An
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162 Bibliography De Grazia, S., Of
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164 Bibliography Grenaille, F. de,
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166 Bibliography Luque Faxardo, F.
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168 Bibliography Pantoja de Aiala,
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170 Bibliography Tabiensis, I., Sum
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172 Bibliography Zannoni, G., ‘Li
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174 Index Aristotle - continued Poe
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176 Index clothes, 47, 88, 91, 93,
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178 Index Erasmus, Desiderius Collo
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180 Index Hespanha, António Manuel
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182 Index Leys (Lessius), Lenaert,
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184 Index paidia, 6 Palamedes, 59 p
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186 Index Sauzet, Robert, 141 Saxl,
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188 Index Veblen, Thorstein, The Th
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