Recreation in the Renaissance

Notes 155
Chapter 3). In order to simplify the format and limit repetition: i. examples
are limited to Latin, Italian, French, (Spanish,) English and German – naturally
other languages would enrich the picture; ii. only the nouns for the
activities (not nouns for the actors, adjectives, verbs) are given in the endnotes
– parallel linguistic forms are given within brackets [ ] for languages
in which the relevant noun is not documented; iii. the (subsequently) predominant
spelling is given, alternative spellings are ignored. · Ò signals a term
etymologically related, though not with the same meaning. Within each
group, the list is given as far as possible in chronological order of first appearance;
the resulting series does not necessarily imply a derivation of each term
from the one immediately preceding it. Among the main reference works I
have used are the following: S. Battaglia, Grande dizionario della lingua italiana
(Turin: UTET, 1961–); E. Huguet, Dictionnaire de la langue française du
seizième siècle (Paris: Champion, 1925–); Trésor de la langue française, 16 vols
(Paris: CNRS, 1971–94); Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française, 9th edn (Paris:
Imprimerie nationale, 1986–).
4. L ludus , [I ludico, F ludique], E ·ludicrousÒ.
5. A. Nuti, Ludus e iocus. Percorsi di ludicità nella lingua latina (Treviso:
Fondazione Benetton Studi Ricerche; Rome: Viella, 1998).
6. G. Semerano, Le origini della cultura europea, 2. Dizionari etimologici: basi semitiche
delle lingue indoeuropee (Florence: Olschki, 1994), ‘Dizionario latino’.
7. Nuti, Ludus e iocus, pp. 133–55.
8. Erasmus, Colloquies, ed. by C. R. Thompson, in Collected Works of Erasmus,
vol. 39 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), pp. 74–87.
9. L iocus, I gi(u)oco, F jeu, E joke.
10. Nuti, Ludus e iocus, p. 70.
11. Ibid., pp. 209–12.
12. Semerano, ‘Dizionario latino’.
13. OE gamen (with parallel in Old Saxon, Old High German and Old Norse),
game.
14. [OE plegian, exercise], E play.
15. G. Guerzoni, ‘Playing Great Games: The giuoco in Sixteenth-Century Italian
Courts’, Italian History and Culture, I (1995) 43–63 (I quote from p. 43).
16. Dutch spel. Cf. P. Grebe (ed.), Der Große Duden, 7: Etymologie (Mannheim:
Bibliographisches Institut, 1963).
17. L recreatio, I ricreazione, F récréation, E recreation.
18. [L divertere, to turn away], F divertissement, I divertimento.
19. H. Phillips, The Theatre and Its Critics in Seventeenth-Century France (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 151–73.
20. ·L dis-portareÒ, OF de(s)port, I diporto, E disport/sport.
21. F passe-temps, I passatempo, E pastime; cf. G Zeitvertreib.
22. P. M. Spacks, Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1995). According to the author, only the eighteenthcentury
English began to be bored of something specific, rather than in
general; her evidence remains unconvincing.
23. ·Rom. *inter-(tenere, hold)Ò, I (in)trattenimento, F entretien, E entertainment;
cf. G Unterhaltung.
24. ·Med. L musum, muzzle, OF amuser, stareÒ, F/E amusement.
25. [L placere], I piacere, F plaisir, E pleasure.