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Chapter 14 Name Date Class bk How is the illustration below interpreted by many scientists Aerobic Nucleus Eukaryote prokaryotes Aerobic prokaryotes became mitochondria Cyanobacteria Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cyanobacteria became chloroplasts A Mitochondria and chloroplasts are parasites in cells. B Prokaryotes might have entered host cells as prey or parasites. C Eukaryotic cells evolved before prokaryotes. D Mitochondria and chloroplasts look similar. bl Why does the presence of iridium support the idea that a meteorite struck Earth, possibly bringing about a mass extinction at the end of the Mesozoic Era A Records of the period show a cloudy atmosphere for months at a time. B Iridium is rare on Earth but common in meteorites. C Rocks show a 100 percent increase in iridium at that time. D There was an increase in species. bm During which time in geologic history is Earth thought to have formed and life first appear A Cenozoic Era B Jurassic Period C Cretaceous Period D Precambrian bn What did Pasteur’s experiment with sterile broth show A Only living things can produce other living things. B Organic molecules could be produced from gases. C Meteorites brought the first organic molecules to Earth. D Organic reactions in deep-sea volcanic vents preceded life’s emergence. bo What is known about mass extinctions A They are common. B They occur instantaneously. C They wipe out all organisms. D They occur every 26 to 30 million years. bp Fossils of a seed fern were found on several different continents, each with a different climate. What does this evidence support A spontaneous generation B endosymbiosis C continental drift D theories about the development of Earth’s atmosphere Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 28 CHAPTER 14 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE
Chapter 15 Name Date Class Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1 When Charles Darwin was developing his theory of evolution, he considered variations in a population important. However, he could not explain how the variations occurred. Which two processes could cause variations A symbiosis and metamorphosis B commensalism and mutualism C crossing over and mutations D phagocytosis and pinocytosis 2 The fact that at least one species of resistant bacteria has developed for almost every antibiotic is evidence for which condition A The bacteria have adapted and could be evolving into a different species. B The bacteria have learned to mimic other species. C There is no variation in the bacteria population. D The antibiotics are being made differently. 3 Why are the structures shown below considered to be homologous Whale forelimb Crocodile forelimb Bird wing A They belong to organisms that evolved from separate ancestors. B They are the result of geographic isolation. C They belong to organisms that probably evolved from a common ancestor. D They are the result of sympatric speciation. 4 Homologous structures might be the result of a change in allele frequencies over successive generations. Why have these structures probably continued A They were beneficial in a particular environment. B They were predestined in a species. C They made a particular organism more attractive to a mate. D They were neutral, not harmful, mutations. 5 Under what conditions might populations of a short type of sunflower be identified as a new species A They are able to breed with sunflowers from the original population. B They are unable to breed with the sunflowers of the original population. C They appear as a new color. D They produce twice as many blooms as the original sunflower population. 6 Who proposed that genetic change causes species to change quickly and not gradually A Charles Darwin B Alfred Russell Wallace C Thomas Malthus D Stephen J. Gould 7 What unique characteristic would the beetles shown below develop through biological adaptation if, over a period of years, the bark on the trees shown became spotted Bark of tree A The beetles would become spotted. B The beetles would become plain. C About half the beetles would become spotted and half would not. D There would be no change. STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE CHAPTER 15 29
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