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MODEL Cytoplasm Vacuole NH 3 Diffusion NH 3 NH + 4 Nucleus Dissipation of H + gradient between vacuole and cytoplasm Other volatile amines Signal Changes of the cell behaviour
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALKALI ALKALI NH 3 ACIDIC NH 3 ACIDIC 7 day 12 day Kinetics 1 NH 3 2 3 4 5 6 ACIDIC ALKALI Transition COLONIES • more than one week old • stationary-like cells LEU1 AAT1 LYS9 HIS4 GCV1 SHM2 MET10 HIS5 SRY1 HOM2 ARO8 ARG1 ARG5,6 ARG4 STR3 SAM2 UGA1 CHA1 SER3 BIO5 DUR3 HNM1 THI4 ADE5,7 ADE12 ADE13 ADE1 RNR2 RNR4 CDC21 URA1 URA10 YNK1 ZRT1 SUL1 SUL2 PHO89 PHO84 ATO1 ATO2 A TO3 Microarray analyses of gene expression changes (C.Jacq laboratory, ECNS, Paris) Metabolism Transport Metabolism Ions Amino acids Nucleotides Transport of inorg YJR120w OM45 COX5A CYC7 QCR2 CYC1 COX9 ATP2 ATP15 COX13 QCR9 COX4 COR1 QCR7 COX12 NDI1 CCP1 YJL045w HEM12 POR1 MIR1 YER053c TIM17 PET9 AAC3 SFC1 ODC1 OAC1 ACO1 SDH1 KGD1 ID H 1 ID H 2 MDH1 FUM1 CIT3 ALD4 ACS1 IC L 2 AAT1 CAT2 ALD5 Oxidative phosphorylation Transport Citrate cycle Other enzymes Carbon metabolism and mitochondria function YER067w FIT2 GPH1 OM45 GLC3 UBC8 HSP30 POR1 CYC7 RPM2 YOL155c YNL134c CTT1 ECM4 YGP1 SPI1 YER053c YRO2 CCP1 CWP2 SED1 SOD1 HSP12 DDR48 YJL144w UGA1 IC Y 1 NCE103 YOL155c ECM4 SCW 4 ECM13 DDR48 SSR1 CWP2 SED1 YLR110c CRS5 SRL1 YHB1 MLF3 Environmental stress response (ESR) Cell wall Resista YLR004c YOL119c YDL218w YHR095w YKR040c YGR069w YNL179c YPL025c YDR504c YOR385w YAL018c YLR194c YNL143c ATO1 YIL057c ATO2 YCLX11w YDR223w ATO3 YPL113c YOR338w YPR151c YOR306c YPL201c YGR161c YMR018w YLR414c YPL276w YDL223c YIL059c IC Y 1 YGR250c YJL045w YOR273c YLR460c YPR156c YNL228w YJL144w MRH1 YLR168c YER001w Palková et al. (2002) Mol. Biol. Cell. 13: 3901-3914 Palková & Váchová (2003) Int. Rev. Cytol. 225: 229-272 Unknown 5 Transition of <strong>colonies</strong> to the ammonia producing period of their development is accompanied by reprogramming of their metabolism.
Page 1 and 2: Multicellular microorganisms
Page 3 and 4: Microorganisms in laboratories Bact
Page 6 and 7: Physarum polycephalum D.discoideum
Page 8 and 9: Understanding of mechanisms of micr
Page 10 and 11: Yeast stalks Engelberg et al., J.Ba
Page 12 and 13: Cells within various multicellular
Page 14 and 15: Yeast Colony Group http://www.natur
Page 16 and 17: AMMONIA : 2 Produced in pulses NH 3
Page 18 and 19: Candida mogii Ammonia
Page 22 and 23: 1. Identification of new putative a
Page 24 and 25: LEU1 AAT1 LYS9 HIS4 GCV1 SHM2 MET10
Page 26 and 27: MODEL Acidic pH pH Alkali Productio
Page 28 and 29: Acidic pH pH Alkali 1 2 3 The trans
Page 30 and 31: sok2 colonies loose viability at la
Page 32 and 33: “Average” changes in WHOLE colo
Page 34 and 35: 2 Cells within multicellular coloni
Page 36 and 37: PRO-APOPTOTIC MARKERS ROS (DHE) ASP
Page 38 and 39: Is dying of central cells advantage
Page 40 and 41: LEU 1 AAT1 LYS9 HIS4 G C V 1 SHM2 M
Page 42 and 43: Fluffy colonies formed by natural S
Page 44 and 45: • In space occupancy • In cell-
Page 46 and 47: Bacillus subtilis: Laboratory strai
Page 48 and 49: • In the wild, yeast create colon
Page 50 and 51: Cell biology and physiology of mult
Page 52: Thank you !

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