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LEU 1 AAT1 LYS9 HIS4 G C V 1 SHM2 M E T 1 0 HIS5 SRY1 HOM2 ARO8 ARG1 ARG5,6 ARG4 STR3 SAM2 UGA1 CHA1 SER3 BIO5 DUR3 HNM1 THI4 ADE5,7 ADE12 ADE13 ADE1 RNR2 RNR4 CDC21 U R A 1 U R A 1 0 YNK1 ZRT1 SUL1 SUL2 PHO89 PHO84 ATO1 ATO2 A TO3 YJR120w OM45 COX5A CYC7 QCR2 CYC1 COX9 ATP2 ATP15 COX13 QCR9 COX4 COR1 QCR7 COX12 NDI1 CCP1 YJL045w HEM12 POR1 MIR1 YER 053c TIM17 PET9 AAC3 SFC1 ODC1 OAC1 ACO1 SDH1 KGD1 IDH1 IDH2 MDH1 FUM 1 CIT3 ALD4 ACS1 IC L 2 AAT1 CAT2 ALD5 YER 067w FIT2 GPH1 OM45 GLC3 UBC8 HSP30 POR1 CYC7 RPM2 YO L155c YNL134c CTT1 ECM 4 YGP1 SPI1 YER 053c YRO2 CCP1 CW P2 SED1 SOD1 HSP12 DDR48 YJL144w UGA1 IC Y 1 NCE103 YOL155c ECM4 SCW4 ECM13 D D R 4 8 SSR1 C W P 2 SED1 YLR110c C R S 5 SRL1 YHB1 M L F 3 YLR004c YO L119c YDL218w YHR 095w YKR040c YG R069w YNL179c YPL025c YDR 504c YO R385w YAL018c YLR194c YNL143c ATO1 YIL057c ATO2 YCLX11w YDR 223w ATO3 YPL113c YO R338w YPR151c YO R306c YPL201c YG R161c YM R018w YLR414c YPL276w YDL223c YIL059c IC Y 1 YG R250c YJL045w YO R273c YLR460c YPR156c YNL228w YJL144w MRH1 YLR168c YER001w Fluorescence microscopy Strains containing GFP fused directly in the genome with: • Gene-markers for different organelles (mitochondria, peroxisomes..) • Specific genes (amino acid metabolic genes, transporters …) * Stability and natural regulation of the fusions !! * Metabolism Transport Metabolism Ions Amino acids Nucleotides Transport of inorg Oxidative phosphorylation Transport Citrate cycle Other enzymes Carbon metabolism and mitochondria function Environmental stress response (ESR) Cell wall Resista Unknown Pex11p Gcv1p Pma1p Arg1p Ato1p-GFP …a další Colonies of „GFP-strains“ at different phases of their development
3 Cells within multicellular structures are better protected against environmental conditions Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies Laboratory strain: “smooth” colonies Natural (wild) strains: “fluffy” colonies Kuthan et al. (2003) Mol.Microbiol. 47: 745-754
Page 1 and 2: Multicellular microorganisms
Page 3 and 4: Microorganisms in laboratories Bact
Page 6 and 7: Physarum polycephalum D.discoideum
Page 8 and 9: Understanding of mechanisms of micr
Page 10 and 11: Yeast stalks Engelberg et al., J.Ba
Page 12 and 13: Cells within various multicellular
Page 14 and 15: Yeast Colony Group http://www.natur
Page 16 and 17: AMMONIA : 2 Produced in pulses NH 3
Page 18 and 19: Candida mogii Ammonia
Page 20 and 21: MODEL Cytoplasm Vacuole NH 3 Diffus
Page 22 and 23: 1. Identification of new putative a
Page 24 and 25: LEU1 AAT1 LYS9 HIS4 GCV1 SHM2 MET10
Page 26 and 27: MODEL Acidic pH pH Alkali Productio
Page 28 and 29: Acidic pH pH Alkali 1 2 3 The trans
Page 30 and 31: sok2 colonies loose viability at la
Page 32 and 33: “Average” changes in WHOLE colo
Page 34 and 35: 2 Cells within multicellular coloni
Page 36 and 37: PRO-APOPTOTIC MARKERS ROS (DHE) ASP
Page 38 and 39: Is dying of central cells advantage
Page 42 and 43: Fluffy colonies formed by natural S
Page 44 and 45: • In space occupancy • In cell-
Page 46 and 47: Bacillus subtilis: Laboratory strai
Page 48 and 49: • In the wild, yeast create colon
Page 50 and 51: Cell biology and physiology of mult
Page 52: Thank you !

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