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of 122 to 5, <strong>the</strong> UN General Assembly, "<strong>the</strong> conscience of <strong>the</strong> world," backed <strong>the</strong> committee <strong>and</strong><br />
approved <strong>the</strong> appropriation.<br />
Richard Nygard, U.S. Representative to <strong>the</strong> UN, noted that <strong>the</strong> $73.5 million could have inoculated one<br />
million Ethiopian children, built 25,000 wells <strong>and</strong> pumps for 12.5 million people, <strong>and</strong> fed 125,000<br />
Ethiopian families for a year with enough left over to supply all 1985 cereal imports for drought-stricken<br />
Chad.5 <strong>The</strong> $73.5 million for improving <strong>the</strong> conference facilities, however, was a pittance compared to<br />
<strong>the</strong> big-time sums Mengistu customarily obtained from <strong>the</strong> World Bank.<br />
<strong>The</strong> World Bank, wrote author/researcher James Bovard in 1987, "helped to lay <strong>the</strong> groundwork for <strong>the</strong><br />
Ethiopian government’s current murderous resettlement program." In <strong>The</strong> World Bank vs. <strong>the</strong> World’s<br />
Poor, a scorching indictment of bank’s lending record, published by <strong>the</strong> Washington DC-based Cato<br />
Institute, Bovard noted that because of government policies, thous<strong>and</strong>s of Ethiopians "are being kept in<br />
concentration-camp-type facilities, where death rates are reported to be quite high."6 In 1986, human<br />
rights groups began to point to UN backing of <strong>the</strong> murderous regime. <strong>The</strong> influential British Economist<br />
"cited Ethiopia for <strong>the</strong> worst human rights record in <strong>the</strong> world." Yet, said Bovard, "Throughout this<br />
period, <strong>the</strong> bank has provided large amounts of aid to <strong>the</strong> Mengistu regime."7<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r UN agencies <strong>and</strong> officials performed in <strong>the</strong> same criminally callous manner. Perhaps one of <strong>the</strong><br />
worst examples involves Edouard Saouma, Director General of <strong>the</strong> UN’s Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture<br />
Organization (FAO) since <strong>the</strong> late 1960s. According to o<strong>the</strong>r FAO officials <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> former<br />
commissioner of <strong>the</strong> Ethiopian Relief <strong>and</strong> Rehabilitation agency, Saouma held up emergency food aid<br />
for 20 days in 1984, at <strong>the</strong> height of <strong>the</strong> famine, because of a personal dislike for Tessema Negash, an<br />
Ethiopian FAO official.<br />
Ethiopian Relief <strong>and</strong> Rehabilitation Commissioner Dawit Wolde-Giorgis has described his meeting in<br />
1984 with <strong>the</strong> intractable Saouma:<br />
I went [to FAO headquarters in Rome] <strong>and</strong> tried to brief [Saouma] on what was going on in<br />
Ethiopia.... He interrupted <strong>the</strong> discussion <strong>and</strong> told me that our representative was not a very<br />
likeable person ... that it would be very difficult for him to co-operate ... as long as we had<br />
Tessema Negash as our FAO representative.... <strong>The</strong>re I was trying to brief a senior UN<br />
official about <strong>the</strong> impending disaster <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> number of people dying every day <strong>and</strong> I was<br />
confronted with personal problems ... that was sickening.8<br />
This was not <strong>the</strong> only indictment of UN official Saouma. Throughout <strong>the</strong> famine years, it is charged,<br />
Saouma also carried on a long-running battle with <strong>the</strong> Director of <strong>the</strong> UN World Food Program (WFP)<br />
over which of <strong>the</strong>m had authority over food aid shipments.9 Was Mr. Saouma disciplined, reprim<strong>and</strong>ed,<br />
or even investigated as a result of <strong>the</strong>se serious charges To <strong>the</strong> contrary, in 1987 he was given ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
six-year claim on his posh post, along with <strong>the</strong> usual automatic UN pay raise.<br />
Occasionally, embarrassing publicity will result in a modicum of justice. As, for instance, in <strong>the</strong> case of<br />
UN High Commissioner for Refugees Jean-Pierre Hocke. Hocke, a Swiss citizen, resigned in October<br />
1989 after a sc<strong>and</strong>al erupted over his misuse of tens of thous<strong>and</strong>s of dollars annually for personal<br />
expenses from a fund established to educate refugees. According to <strong>the</strong> New York Times, Hocke<br />
misappropriated <strong>the</strong> money from<br />
... a fund set up by Nordic countries for refugee education to pay for entertainment <strong>and</strong> firstclass<br />
air travel, sometimes aboard <strong>the</strong> Concorde, for himself <strong>and</strong> his wife.... Mr. Hocke<br />
spent between $32,000 <strong>and</strong> $96,000 a year from Denmark’s contribution on his