Asking the Right Questions, A Guide to Critical Thinking, 8th Ed

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Browne, M. Neil, (date) Asking the right questions: a guide to critical thinking/M. Neil Browne, Stuart M. Keeley.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-13-220304-9 1. Criticism. 2. Critical thinking. I. Keeley, Stuart M., 1941 II. Title. PN83.B785 2007 808—dc22 2005032905 Editorial Director: Leah Jewell Senior Acquisitions Editor: Brad Potthoff Editorial Assistant: Tara Culliney Senior Marketing Manager: Windley Morley Marketing Assistant: Kara Pottle Production Liaison: Marianne Peters-Riordan Assistant Manufacturing Manager: Mary Ann Gloriande Art Director: Jayne Conte Cover Design: Bruce Kenselaar Cover Illustration/Photo: Jan Tove Johansson/ Taxi/Getty Images Manager, Cover Visual Research & Permissions: Karen Sanatar Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Sowmya Balaraman/Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley and Sons Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. This book was set in 10/13 New Baskerville by Integra Software Services and was printed by R.R. Donnelley and Sons. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1994 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission (s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson pic Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Education Ltd Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education Canada, Ltd Pearson Education—Japan Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited Pearson Education North Asia Ltd Pearson Educaciôn de Mexico, SA. de C.V. Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey PEARSON Prentice Hall 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN D-13-2ED3DM-T
Contents Preface viii 1 The Benefit of Asking the Right Questions 1 Introduction 1 Critical Thinking to the Rescue 2 The Sponge and Panning for Gold: Alternative Thinking Styles 3 An Example of the Panning-for-Gold Approach 5 Panning for Gold: Asking Critical Questions 7 The Myth of the "Right Answer" 7 Thinking and Feeling 8 The Efficiency of Asking the Question, "Who Cares?" 9 Weak-Sense and Strong-Sense Critical Thinking 10 The Satisfaction of Using the Panning-for-Gold Approach 11 Trying Out New Answers 11 Effective Communication and Critical Thinking 12 The Importance of Practice 12 The Right Questions 13 2 What Are the Issue and the Conclusion? 15 Kinds of Issues 16 Searching for the Issue 17 Searching for the Author's or Speaker's Conclusion 18 Clues to Discovery: How to Find the Conclusion 19 Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and Speaking 21 Practice Exercises 22 3 What Are the Reasons? 25 Reasons + Conclusion = Argument 26 Initiating the Questioning Process 27 Words That Identify Reasons 29 iii
Page 3: Eighth Edition Asking the Right Que
Page 7 and 8: Contents v Summary 79 Practice Exer
Page 9 and 10: Practice and Review 193 Question Ch
Page 11 and 12: Preface ix audience requires us to
Page 13 and 14: Preface xi he or she knows best? Cr
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1 THE BENEFIT OF ASKING THE
Page 17 and 18: The Benefit of Asking the Right Que
Page 27: The Benefit of Asking the Right Que
Page 30 and 31: 16 Chapter 2 When we read or listen
Page 32 and 33: 18 Chapter 2 clue is knowledge of t
Page 34 and 35: 20 Chapter 2 Clue No. 2: Look for i
Page 36 and 37: 22 Chapter 2 Practice Exercises (JM
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 3 I WHAT ARE THE REASONS? R
Page 41 and 42: What Are the Reasons? 27 So when we
Page 43 and 44: What Are the Reasons? 29 One of the
Page 45 and 46: What Are the Reasons? 31 author bel
Page 47 and 48: What Are the Reasons? 33 Critical T
Page 49: What Are the Reasons? 35 b. Student
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40 Chapter 4 Another useful guide f
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42 Chapter 4 meanings. Isn't it tru
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44 Chapter 4 The phrase "give great
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46 Chapter 4 how much work is requi
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48 Chapter 4 through strength, the
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50 Chapter 4 Passage 1 School dress
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52 Chapter 4 ff\ V^t CRITICAL QUEST
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54 Chapter 5 has taken for granted.
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56 Chapter 5 Value Conflicts and As
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58 Chapter 5 to be like. What stand
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60 Chapter 5 Typical Value Conflict
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62 Chapter 5 How desirable a conseq
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64 Chapter 5 Avoiding a Typical Dif
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66 Chapter 5 Therefore, the major v
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68 Chapter 5 Summary Assumptions ar
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CHAPTER 6 I WHAT ARE THE DESCRIPTIV
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What Are the Descriptive Assumption
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84 Chapter 7 While answering our fi
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86 Chapter 7 Sandy: "But what about
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88 Chapter 7 The relevance of the s
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90 Chapter 7 F: Appeal to questiona
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92 Chapter 7 the two choices are be
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94 Chapter 7 Neither respondent sat
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96 Chapter 7 This sort of "reasonin
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98 Chapter 7 you are most likely to
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100 Chapter 7 of the AIDS hysteria
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102 Chapter 7 JOE'S CONCLUSION: Bee
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104 Chapter 8 Qfj Critical Question
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106 Chapter 8 supporting a prescrip
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108 Chapter 8 reflects strong biase
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110 Chapter 8 grants to do research
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112 Chapter 8 Was the authority in
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114 Chapter 8 In this chapter, we h
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116 Chapter 8 Passage 2 CONCLUSION:
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118 Chapter 9 see or hear, selectin
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120 Chapter 9 answered only tentati
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122 Chapter 9 Clues for Evaluating
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124 Chapter 9 generalize have an eq
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126 Chapter 9 Survey and questionna
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128 Chapter 9 Case Examples as Evid
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130 Chapter 9 Identifying and Compr
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132 Chapter 9 however, is a human b
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134 Chapter 9 you can rely most on
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136 Chapter 9 being an alcoholic, a
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138 Chapter 10 litde boy offered on
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140 Chapter 10 In this study, the r
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142 Chapter 10 The Cause or A Cause
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144 Chapter 10 Should parents take
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146 Chapter 10 Confusing Causation
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148 Chapter 10 To appreciate the fl
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150 Chapter 10 Evaluating Rival Cau
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152 Chapter 10 Sample Responses Pas
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CHAPTER 11 ARE THE STATISTICS DECEP
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Are the Statistics Deceptive? 157 t
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Are the Statistics Deceptive? 1 59
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Are the Statistics Deceptive? 161 h
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Are the Statistics Deceptive? 163 P
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Are the Statistics Deceptive? 1 65
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168 Chapter 12 By asking questions
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170 Chapter 12 Questions that Ident
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172 Chapter 12 Being aware of these
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174 Chapter 12 differ from tests pe
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176 Chapter 12 whether it is possib
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178 Chapter 12 Before we all start
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CHAPTER 13 WHAT REASONABLE CONCLUSI
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What Reasonable Conclusions Are Pos
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CHAPTER 14 PRACTICE AND REVIEW In t
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Practice and Review 195 a healthy d
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5. Obesity has resulted in high lev
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Practice and Review 199 that many i
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Pra cti ce an d Revi ew 201 What is
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Practice and Review 203 author's ar
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Final Word Critical thinking is a t
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Final Word 207 6. Ask the other per
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210 Index Communication (effective)
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212 Index Question (s): begging the
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Asking the Right Questions, A Guide to Critical Thinking, 8th Ed

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