Toward an Understanding of Cross-Cultural Differences in ...

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Implications • False dichotomy between substance and style/trait and trick • Response styles…… • tend to reinforce each other • tend to systematically affect score comparisons (both overestimation and underestimation possible) • prevalence of East—West two-country comparisons in cross-cultural cultural research
• should be taken into account more often in cross-cultural cultural testing in at least two ways: 1. Their impact on results (and implied bias toward or against the hypothesis of interest) should be acknowledged, both as trick and trait • Response styles do not necessarily “explain away” substantive results 2. Their impact should be measured more often (measures of perceived norms may be relevant)
Page 1 and 2:
Toward an Understanding of Cross-Cu
Page 3 and 4:
Theoretical Outline What are the pr
Page 5 and 6:
• Current study: • 1 (responden
Page 7 and 8:
2. Response Styles as Stimulus Char
Page 9 and 10: Acquiescence tendencies are consist
Page 11 and 12: Correlates of Response Styles • I
Page 13: • Question 2: • What are correl
Page 16 and 17: Questionnaire (In All Surveys) •
Page 18: Examples of Questions (8 items)
Page 21: Examples of Questions (U.S.A.; 25 i
Page 24 and 25: Examples of Questions (17 items)
Page 26 and 27: Acquiescence Index • Acquiescence
Page 28 and 29: Results • 1. Relative proportion
Page 30 and 31: Intraclass Correlations • Prop. o
Page 32 and 33: Results • 2. Individual- and Coun
Page 34 and 35: Design (cont’d) • Distinction b
Page 36 and 37: Conclusions • Acquiescence… •
Page 38 and 39: Correlations of Styles • Are both
Page 40 and 41: Averaged Correlations of Response S
Page 42 and 43: 2. Country-Level Correlates: Countr
Page 44 and 45: Country Indicators Used (Cont’d)
Page 52 and 53: Overall: Acquiescence • Medium si
Page 54 and 55: • Strongest relationships were fo
Page 56 and 57: Toward an Understanding of Cross-Cu
Page 58 and 59: The Argument in a Nutshell…. •
Page 62 and 63: Correlations of Extremity with Purc
Page 64 and 65: Correlations of Extremity with Corr
Page 66 and 67: LTO .07 -.24 .05 Correlations of Ac
Page 68: Countries Ranked from Low to High S
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