Etymological Dictionary of Basque - Cryptm.org

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{Contents} {Editor’s preface} 3 Guide to the dictionary 1. General introduction a. The language and its external history 6 b. Documentation and texts 7 c. Historical work 9 d. The modern language 11 2. The phonemes of Pre-Basque 14 3. The aspiration 16 4. {Phonotactics and} morpheme structure {in} Pre-Basque 18 5. The structure of verbs in Pre-Basque 21 6. Phonological changes 25 7. {Rules applying in} word-formation 39 8. Some morphological {observations and} problems 44 9. The sources of the Basque lexicon 49 10. {Phonological} treatment of loan words 52 11. Expressive forms {caret} 12. Ghost words 55 13. The structure of entries 59 14. List of abbreviations {and symbols} 63 The Dictionary 70 {Morphemes cross-referred to but not listed in The Dictionary} 384 The native lexicon {1. English−Basque} 385 {2. Basque−English} 391 {Supplementary native lexicon} {3. English-Basque} 396 {4. Basque-English} 398 Bibliography 400 Basque index {caret} English index {caret} Index of botanical names {stub only} 415 Index of zoological names {caret} Subject index 417
Etymological Dictionary of Basque 3 {Editor’s preface R. L. (Larry) Trask died in March 2004 at the age of 59, leaving unfinished his Etymological Dictionary of Basque. In 2000 he had been awarded a Major Research Fellowship by the Leverhulme Trust to support this project, to which he devoted much of his time between October 2001 and his death. As a colleague of Trask’s for nearly twenty-five years, now in retirement, I agreed, with the encouragement of other colleagues and of his widow, Jan Lock, to prepare and edit his unfinished typescript for web publication. What is offered here is in no sense a completion of Trask’s project, a task for which I am not qualified. Rather my aim is limited to making available to the world of scholarship, in as useful a form as possible, the results that he had achieved, as a tribute to the memory of a distinguished Vasconist and a long-standing friend. Trask’s own presentation of the objectives of the Etymological Dictionary of Basque can be seen best in section 1 (General introduction) and section 13 (The structure of entries). It is clear that his aim was to provide a single-volume work, in English, of value to scholars such as comparativists, who may not have been Vasconists. It might also be seen as a companion volume to his History of Basque (1997), now with a special focus on the history of the Basque lexicon. It is likely that the list of items with dictionary entries is in large measure complete. There are a certain number of lexemes that are cross-referred to in The Dictionary or mentioned in sections 1-14 (Guide to the dictionary) but are missing from the list of entries as Trask left it. I have included these in the section ‘Morphemes crossreferred to but not listed in The Dictionary’ on page 425. Section 13 explains the indentation structure of the dictionary entries, with head words aligned left, and derivatives and compounds indented below the relevant head words. Derivatives of derivatives have a further indent. In the editing process it was necessary to reconstruct this indentation pattern which had been lost in the transfer of the text between different word-processing and operating systems. For the most part, this structure could be recovered by observing deviations from strict alphabetical order, and, of course, from the sense of the etymological information itself, though in some cases it was necessary to add missing glosses and make guesses about the etymological relationships Trask understood. Trask considerably helped the editor’s task by indicating with ** or **** gaps where he intended to add information. These asterisked gaps are of the following kinds: glosses to dictionary entries, localization of dialect forms, Latin names for flora and fauna, cross-references to other entries, references to sources, references to the phonological changes, morphological and word-formation rules, and phonological treatment of loan words that are discussed in sections 6-8 and 10, and etymological discussions. There are also some evident gaps in sections 6−8 and 10 of the Guide the dictionary where I have done no more here than supply, as Trask had himself done in several cases, a few references to Michelena’s works where the missing points are discussed. I have dealt with the asterisked gaps in the following way. I have attempted to supply a gloss or glosses for most of the words mentioned, in order to make evident the semantic relationships Trask had in mind. The glosses supplied editorially, between { } as with all other editorial material, are derived in the first place from Michelena
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abadiñau (B) n. ‘kind of chestnu
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auka (B) ****{n. ‘lichen’} [Arb
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aurri [DUBIOUS: Arb] {M. 1958e; 195
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azefrae (old B), azefrai (Sout) n.
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doi *****{‘so much’} [FHV 107]
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irun (**), ürün (Z), urun (R) vt.
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-kute [MITX 73] {M. (1973a: s.v.)}
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morla (G HN) n. ‘tassel’. From
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mus (**) n. ‘mus’, a certain ca
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pauma (LN S) n. ‘peacock’ (zool
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txapia (Sout) a. ‘bow-legged’.
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zela (**{L EB}) n. ‘saddle’. **
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