2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nutrition Conference For Feed ...

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Piepenbrink, M.S., C. G. Schwab, B. K. Sloan, and N. L. Whitehouse. 1999. Importance of dietary concentrations of absorbable lysine on maximizing milk protein production of mid-lactation cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82: (Suppl. 1): 93. (Abstr.) Rulquin, H. and Verite, R. 1993. Amino acid nutrition of dairy cows: Productive effects and animal requirements. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition – 1993, pp 55- 77. Edited by P.C. Garnsworthy and D. J. A. Cole. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham. Schwab, C.G., L.D. Satter, and A.B. Clay. 1976. Responses of lactating dairy cows to abomasal infusions of amino acids. J. Dairy Sci. 59:1254-1270. Schwab, C.G., S.J.Muise, W.E. Hylton, and J.J. Moore. 1982. Response to abomasal infusion of methionine of weaned dairy calves fed a complete pellet starter ration based on byproduct feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 65:1950-1961. Schwab, C. G., N. L. Whitehouse, D. Luchini, and B. Sloan. 2009. Reevaluation of the breakpoint estimates for the NRC (2001) required concentrations of lysine and methionine in metabolizable protein for maximal content and yield of milk protein. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (Suppl. 1):103. (Abstr.) Schwab, C. G., R. S. Ordway, and N. L. Whitehouse. 2003. The latest on amino acid feeding. In: Proc. Southwest Nutrition and Management Conference, Phoenix, AZ, p. 27-41. Schwab, C.G., R. S. Ordway, and N. L. Whitehouse. 2004. Amino acid balancing in the context of MP and RUP requirements. 15 th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, p. 10-25. Schwab, C. G., S. E. Boucher, and B. K. Sloan. 2007. Metabolizable protein and amino acid nutrition of the cow: Where are we in 2007? In: Proceedings of the 68th Annual Minnesota Nutrition Conference, p. 121-138. Vanhatalo, A., P. Huhtanen, V. Toivonen, and T. Varvikko. 1999. Response of dairy cows fed grass silage diets to abomasal infusions of histidine alone or in combinations with methionine and lysine. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2674-2685. Wallace, R.J. 1997. Peptide metabolism and its efficiency in ruminant production. In Rumen Microbes and Digestive Physiology in Ruminants (Onodera, R. et al., eds.), pp 95-105. Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo/S Karger, Basel. Whitehouse, N., C. Schwab, D. Luchini, T. Tylutki, and B. Sloan. 2009. Comparison of optimal lysine and methionine concentrations in metabolizable protein estimated by the NRC (2001), CPM-Dairy (v.3.0.10) and AMTS.Cattle (v.2.1.1) models. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (Suppl. 1):103. (Abstr.) Whyte, T., A. Hayirli, H. Lapierre, and L. Doepel. 2006. Effect of post-ruminal supplementation of amino acids on production performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89 (Suppl. 1):78. (Abstr.) 15
CHALLENGES OF PREDICTING METABOLIZABLE LYSINE CONTENT OF INGREDIENTS S. E. Boucher William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute SUMMARY Of all amino acids in feed protein, lysine is generally the most susceptible to damage during heat processing. Identifying in vitro methods to assess damage to lysine that results from heat processing can aid in monitoring quality of feed ingredients. Identifying an in vitro method to estimate lysine damage in blood meal is particularly important because blood meal is often specifically fed to increase concentration of lysine in metabolizable protein. Several in vitro methods that can be used to estimate availability or digestibility of lysine in blood meal and other feedstuffs are reviewed. INTRODUCTION Heat treatment of feedstuffs is utilized to decrease ruminal degradation of feed protein and increase the proportion of RUP (rumen undegraded protein). Heat application for this process needs to be carefully controlled because excess heat can destroy lysine and depress intestinal lysine digestibility (Faldet et al., 1992; Pereira et al., 1998). Monitoring the effect of heat treatment on intestinal digestibility of lysine in RUP (RUP-Lys) is especially important for lactating cows as Lys is often co-limiting with methionine (Met) or second limiting for milk and milk protein production in North America where diets high in corn products are fed (NRC, 2001). When feeds are heated to decrease the proportion of RDP (rumen degradable protein) and increase the proportion of RUP, the greatest benefit will be observed if the RUP is readily digested and RUP-AA (RUP amino acids) are readily absorbed by the animal. Processing methods that increase RUP supply without damaging RUP-Lys should be used. Monitoring Lys and protein damage during the drying process of wet feeds is also important. The amount of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) fed to ruminants is increasing, and the vast majority of DDGS fed in the U.S. is the resultant by-product of the production of fuel ethanol from corn. The AA profile of corn is not desirable for ruminants, as corn protein has a low content of Lys (2.84% of CP; NRC, 2001). However, standard corn meal is low in protein (9.4% CP; NRC, 2001) and most of that protein is degraded in the rumen and incorporated into microbial protein, which has an improved AA profile. Distillers dried grains with solubles has a higher CP concentration than corn (29.7%; NRC, 2001), and more of the protein in DDGS remains undegraded in the rumen and arrives at the small intestine intact (NRC, 2001). This can negatively 16
Page 1 and 2: 2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nut
Page 3 and 4: 2009 Cornell Nutrition Conference f
Page 5 and 6: Conference Staff, Speakers and Admi
Page 7 and 8: predicted flows of MP. Because they
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1. Revised NRC (2001) Lys an
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3. Lys and Met plots for mil
Page 13 and 14: and AMTS.Cattle (v.2.1.1) models (T
Page 15 and 16: MP on increasing the efficiency of
Page 17 and 18: high cows for both years were very
Page 19: Garthwaite, B. D., C. G. Schwab, an
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1. Chemical structure of lys
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Blocked RUP-Lys and reacti
Page 27 and 28: and in vitro digestibility. However
Page 29 and 30: Table 4. Results from 265 blood mea
Page 31 and 32: ACKNOWLEGEMENTS The data summary of
Page 33 and 34: THE CORNELL NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PR
Page 35 and 36: If this overall value is more appro
Page 37 and 38: mean values for efficiency of use f
Page 39 and 40: efficiency of use of particular AA
Page 41 and 42: Fox, and W. Chalupa.1993. A net car
Page 43 and 44: RECENT RESEARCH WITH LOW-STARCH DIE
Page 45 and 46: Table 1 continued. Dietary content,
Page 47 and 48: Voelker and Allen (2003abc) replace
Page 49 and 50: fermentable starch (3.5%-units) was
Page 51 and 52: monitor the cow’s performance, an
Page 53 and 54: ESTIMATING INTESTINAL DIGESTIBILITY
Page 55 and 56: digestibility within feeds will all
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average in vivo AA and RUP
Page 59 and 60: presented in Table 3. Crude protein
Page 61 and 62: human foodstuffs, and originally re
Page 63 and 64: Novus International. 2008. IDEA. Po
Page 65 and 66: the present study was to quantify t
Page 67 and 68: experiments. However, the final wei
Page 69 and 70: This is surprising in view of the c
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REFINING NITROGEN FEEDING USING CUR
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ecycled urea-N contributed 37.5% of
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observed for DMI nor milk measureme
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procedure described here contains 8
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Table 4. Protozoal predation of bac
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Marini, J. C. and M. S. Attene-Ramo
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of digestion. This involves refinem
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three hours was instead used, as an
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Table 1: Comparison between the non
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improve recovery of lignin particle
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a reverse-phase column. Ether-linke
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Figure 3: Relationship between 24hr
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Figure 7: Relationship between 96hr
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Ellis, W. C., M. Mahlooji and J.H.
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EFFECT OF TYPE AND LENGTH OF DIETAR
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intake data, the cattle fed the By-
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cases of the diseases of interest:
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for prediction of disease. The cate
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Table 1. Receiver operator characte
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INTEGRATING NUTRITIONAL AND GROUPIN
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In a study conducted in a similar m
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and 109°F (THI 94) during the stud
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Gonzalez, M., A. K. Yabuta, and F.
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In the past 20 years there has been
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Dinosaur diets The plants eaten by
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Figure 2 A,B,C,D: The relation betw
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of fiber than ruminants while equid
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supports the hypothesis that the fi
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PHIDDLING WITH PHENYLALANINE: INFLU
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competition of large neutral amino
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A mixture of indispensable and semi
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and in other experiments that are n
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Table 4. Growth, feed intakes, PAH
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Lu, J. and R.E. Austic. 2009. Pheny
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During the late 1700s in Europe, th
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of energy and protein nutrition bec
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elated to the involvement of sodium
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In practical nutrition, it is impor
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Johnson, R. A. 1963. Habitat prefer
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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in starch content and corn silages,
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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All of the guidelines for starch di
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Feedstuff N DM range IVSD 7 SD Corn
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nonstructural carbohydrate / rumen
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ANALYTICAL METHODS For good estimat
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Larson, J., and P. C. Hoffman. 2008
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Key Data In50 years, the world popu
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With respect to increasing output,
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THE CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE When it co
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they want most in their food, consu
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devastating in poor nations where e
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additive for swine can reduce manur
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DeCamp, S., Hankins, S., Carroll, A
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DEMYSTIFYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUST
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The „good old days‟ of dairy pr
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„Grass-fed‟ beef production The
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RECONCILING GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EMI
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production, without negatively impa
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assumed to be produced with similar
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continent by the tractor trailer, a
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REFERENCES Anon. 2006. Road to reco
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http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefau
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etail milk supply. The first repres
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eliable recommendations about the h
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nearly identical whereas MUFA was d
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higher trans-11 18:1 and lower cont
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diets varied on organic farms and s
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Jensen, R. G. 1999. Fatty acid prof
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the optimum standing NDF is 38% for
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It is clear that fiber and lignin a
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Figure 3. From: Progressive Dairyma
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AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY BARNS:
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lactating cow’s energy requiremen
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exhaust duct per chamber. Stainless
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(Harper et al., 2009) are significa
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REFERENCES Aillery, M., N. Gollehon
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FEEDING LOW CRUDE PROTEIN RATIONS T
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- There was an increase in % milk t
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formulating rations is a tool routi
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REFERENCES .Higgs, R.J. 2009. Nitro
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