2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nutrition Conference For Feed ...

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Table 1 continued. Dietary content, % of dry matter 1 Reference; Treatment Forage information Treatment F:C Forage NDF NDF Starch DMI, kg/d Milk, kg/d Charbonneau et al., 2006; CC 45:55 45 AS 28.9 18.8 26.7 22.7 cracked corn (CC, 47%), ground corn (GC, 47%), GC (35%) + wheat starch (WS, 11%), GC (35%) + dried whey permeate (WP, 11%) c 34.0 c GC 45:55 45 AS 27.1 18.8 28.8 24.3 b 37.4 ab GC + WS 45:55 45 AS 25.1 18.8 33.3 24.4 b 37.6 a GC + WP 45:55 45 AS 24.9 18.8 21.6 25.7 a 35.8 b Broderick et al., 2008; corn 0 60:40 39 AS, 21 CS 30.0 25.6 28.2 24.5 starch replaced with sucrose (0 to 7.5%) Lb 38.8 2.5 60:40 39 AS, 21 CS 29.2 25.6 27.4 25.4 Lab 40.6 5.0 60:40 39 AS, 21 CS 29.6 25.6 24.5 26.0 La 39.4 7.5 60:40 39 AS, 21 CS 29.6 25.6 21.5 26.0 La 39.3 Gozho & Mutsvangwa, 2008; Barley 48:52 18 AH, 30 BS 32.7 - 19.2 26.2 40.2 barley (31%), corn (29%), wheat Corn 48:52 18 AH, 30 BS 32.9 - 21.8 26.0 38.9 (33%), and oats (31%) as Wheat 52:48 20 AH, 32 BS 33.0 - 22.4 24.0 36.8 primary starch source Oats 48:52 18 AH, 30 BS 35.7 - 15.2 25.2 38.4 Abdelqader et al., 2009; corn 0 55:45 25 AH, 30 CS 28.3 23.5 24 28.1 and soybean meal replaced with corn germ (0 to 21%) Q 37.3 Q 7 55:45 25 AH, 30 CS 28.8 23.5 23.3 29.1 Q 38.0 Q 14 55:45 25 AH, 30 CS 29.8 23.5 21.6 28.8 Q 38.2 Q 21 55:45 25 AH, 30 CS 30.7 23.5 19.3 27.3 Q 36.3 Q Arndt et al., 2009; corn (C) HFC 64:36 29 AS, 36 CS 29.7 18.1 25.6 24.8 replaced with corn bran (CB;19, 38%) in high forage (HF, 64%) and low forage (LF, 38%) diets bc 42.0 b HFCB 64:36 29 AS, 36 CS 42.6 18.1 14.8 24.3 c 38.7 c LFC 38:62 17 AS, 21 CS 23.1 10.9 34.0 26.7 a 46.7 a LFCB 38:62 17 AS, 21 CS 48.4 10.8 12.5 25.9 ab 40.5 bc 1 F:C = forage to concentrate ratio, NDF = neutral detergent fiber, DMI = dry matter intake, AS = alfalfa silage, AH = alfalfa hay, CS = corn silage, GS = grass silage, BS = barley silage, E = starch content estimated with CPM-Dairy v.3. L Q C abc or AB = linear effect with P 0.05, = quadratic effect with P 0.05, = cubic effect with P 0.05, Least squares means within the same column and study without a common superscript differ with P 0.05. 41
Voelker and Allen (2003abc) replaced high moisture corn with 0 to 24% beet pulp to formulate alfalfa/corn silage-based diets with decreasing starch content (34.6 to 18.4%) for lactating cows. Decreasing starch content linearly decreased DMI and microbial nitrogen yield, tended to linearly increase feed efficiency, and had no effect on milk yield and milk composition. Ruminal passage rate of starch, ruminal digestion rate of potentially digestible NDF, and total tract digestibility of organic matter and NDF increased linearly, while ruminal digestion rate of starch decreased linearly with decreasing starch content. Corn hominy was partially replaced with citrus pulp (24%) in corn silage-based diets to provide diets containing 26.5 and 15.1% starch to midlactation cows (Leiva et al., 2000). There was no effect of diet on DMI, milk yield, or milk composition. Broderick et al. (2002) used alfalfa silage-based diets and partially replaced high moisture ear corn or cracked corn with citrus pulp (19%). Dry matter intake and milk yield were reduced when the citrus pulp was fed. Boddugari et al. (2001) replaced corn and soybean meal with wet corn gluten feed (CGF; 0 to 40%) in alfalfa/corn silage based diets fed to lactating cows. Dry matter intake tended to be lower for the diets containing the wet CGF. Diet did not affect milk yield or milk composition. Ranathunga et al. (2008) partially replaced corn starch with dried distillers grains with solubles (0 to 21%) in diets for lactating cows. As the starch content decreased from 28.0 to 17.5%, DMI linearly decreased and feed efficiency tended to linearly increase. There was no effect of diet on milk yield or composition. Replacing corn starch with sugar sources in high forage diets containing alfalfa silage and corn silage is a viable strategy for reducing dietary starch content while maintaining milk yield. Broderick and Radloff (2004) replaced high moisture shelled corn with 0 to 12% dried molasses in diets for mid-lactation cows. Decreasing the starch content from 31.5 to 23.2% linearly increased DMI and total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, and NDF, but had no effect on milk yield and ruminal fermentation. Broderick et al. (2008) fed lactating cows diets containing 21.5, 24.5, 27.4, and 28.2% starch; corn starch was replaced with 0 to 7.5% sucrose. Decreasing starch content linearly increased DMI, milk fat content, and milk fat yield, linearly decreased feed efficiency, ruminal acetate concentration, and ruminal acetate:propionate, and had no effect on milk yield and ruminal pH. Another feasible strategy to reduce the dietary starch content is to replace corn with high-quality forage. Valadares Filho et al. (2000) substituted alfalfa silage for high moisture ear corn and soybean meal. As the starch content decreased, there was a linear decrease in DMI and milk yield with the majority of the decrease in DMI occurring at the lowest starch level. There were linear and quadratic responses in milk fat content and yield. Reducing the dietary starch content to less than 20.7% should be avoided when substituting alfalfa silage for corn starch. Oba and Allen (2003ab) fed lactating cows diets containing either ground high moisture corn or dry ground corn at two dietary starch contents (32 and 21%). Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk protein content were lower for the low-starch diets. Milk fat content, body condition loss, ruminal pH, and acetate:propionate were higher for the low-starch diets. Total tract digestibility (%) of starch was lower for the low-starch diets, but ruminal digestion (%) of starch was not affected by starch content. 42
Page 1 and 2: 2009 Proceedings of the Cornell Nut
Page 3 and 4: 2009 Cornell Nutrition Conference f
Page 5 and 6: Conference Staff, Speakers and Admi
Page 7 and 8: predicted flows of MP. Because they
Page 9 and 10: Figure 1. Revised NRC (2001) Lys an
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3. Lys and Met plots for mil
Page 13 and 14: and AMTS.Cattle (v.2.1.1) models (T
Page 15 and 16: MP on increasing the efficiency of
Page 17 and 18: high cows for both years were very
Page 19 and 20: Garthwaite, B. D., C. G. Schwab, an
Page 21 and 22: CHALLENGES OF PREDICTING METABOLIZA
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1. Chemical structure of lys
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Blocked RUP-Lys and reacti
Page 27 and 28: and in vitro digestibility. However
Page 29 and 30: Table 4. Results from 265 blood mea
Page 31 and 32: ACKNOWLEGEMENTS The data summary of
Page 33 and 34: THE CORNELL NET CARBOHYDRATE AND PR
Page 35 and 36: If this overall value is more appro
Page 37 and 38: mean values for efficiency of use f
Page 39 and 40: efficiency of use of particular AA
Page 41 and 42: Fox, and W. Chalupa.1993. A net car
Page 43 and 44: RECENT RESEARCH WITH LOW-STARCH DIE
Page 45: Table 1 continued. Dietary content,
Page 49 and 50: fermentable starch (3.5%-units) was
Page 51 and 52: monitor the cow’s performance, an
Page 53 and 54: ESTIMATING INTESTINAL DIGESTIBILITY
Page 55 and 56: digestibility within feeds will all
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average in vivo AA and RUP
Page 59 and 60: presented in Table 3. Crude protein
Page 61 and 62: human foodstuffs, and originally re
Page 63 and 64: Novus International. 2008. IDEA. Po
Page 65 and 66: the present study was to quantify t
Page 67 and 68: experiments. However, the final wei
Page 69 and 70: This is surprising in view of the c
Page 71 and 72: REFINING NITROGEN FEEDING USING CUR
Page 73 and 74: ecycled urea-N contributed 37.5% of
Page 75 and 76: observed for DMI nor milk measureme
Page 77 and 78: procedure described here contains 8
Page 79 and 80: Table 4. Protozoal predation of bac
Page 81 and 82: Marini, J. C. and M. S. Attene-Ramo
Page 83 and 84: of digestion. This involves refinem
Page 85 and 86: three hours was instead used, as an
Page 87 and 88: Table 1: Comparison between the non
Page 89 and 90: improve recovery of lignin particle
Page 91 and 92: a reverse-phase column. Ether-linke
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3: Relationship between 24hr
Page 95 and 96: Figure 7: Relationship between 96hr
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Ellis, W. C., M. Mahlooji and J.H.
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EFFECT OF TYPE AND LENGTH OF DIETAR
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intake data, the cattle fed the By-
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cases of the diseases of interest:
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for prediction of disease. The cate
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Table 1. Receiver operator characte
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INTEGRATING NUTRITIONAL AND GROUPIN
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In a study conducted in a similar m
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and 109°F (THI 94) during the stud
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Gonzalez, M., A. K. Yabuta, and F.
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In the past 20 years there has been
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Dinosaur diets The plants eaten by
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Figure 2 A,B,C,D: The relation betw
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of fiber than ruminants while equid
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supports the hypothesis that the fi
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PHIDDLING WITH PHENYLALANINE: INFLU
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competition of large neutral amino
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A mixture of indispensable and semi
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and in other experiments that are n
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Table 4. Growth, feed intakes, PAH
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Lu, J. and R.E. Austic. 2009. Pheny
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During the late 1700s in Europe, th
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of energy and protein nutrition bec
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elated to the involvement of sodium
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In practical nutrition, it is impor
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Johnson, R. A. 1963. Habitat prefer
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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in starch content and corn silages,
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INTERPRETING AND IMPLEMENTING STARC
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All of the guidelines for starch di
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Feedstuff N DM range IVSD 7 SD Corn
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nonstructural carbohydrate / rumen
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ANALYTICAL METHODS For good estimat
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Larson, J., and P. C. Hoffman. 2008
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Key Data In50 years, the world popu
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With respect to increasing output,
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THE CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE When it co
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they want most in their food, consu
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devastating in poor nations where e
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additive for swine can reduce manur
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DeCamp, S., Hankins, S., Carroll, A
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DEMYSTIFYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUST
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The „good old days‟ of dairy pr
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„Grass-fed‟ beef production The
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RECONCILING GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EMI
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production, without negatively impa
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assumed to be produced with similar
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continent by the tractor trailer, a
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REFERENCES Anon. 2006. Road to reco
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http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefau
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etail milk supply. The first repres
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eliable recommendations about the h
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nearly identical whereas MUFA was d
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higher trans-11 18:1 and lower cont
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diets varied on organic farms and s
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Jensen, R. G. 1999. Fatty acid prof
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the optimum standing NDF is 38% for
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It is clear that fiber and lignin a
Page 213 and 214:
Figure 3. From: Progressive Dairyma
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AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM DAIRY BARNS:
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lactating cow’s energy requiremen
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exhaust duct per chamber. Stainless
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(Harper et al., 2009) are significa
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REFERENCES Aillery, M., N. Gollehon
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FEEDING LOW CRUDE PROTEIN RATIONS T
Page 227 and 228:
- There was an increase in % milk t
Page 229 and 230:
formulating rations is a tool routi
Page 231 and 232:
REFERENCES .Higgs, R.J. 2009. Nitro
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